cover of episode Essentials: How to Increase Motivation & Drive

Essentials: How to Increase Motivation & Drive

2025/1/30
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Huberman Lab

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Andrew Huberman
是一位专注于神经科学、学习和健康的斯坦福大学教授和播客主持人。
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Andrew Huberman: 动力与奖励的体验与大脑中多巴胺、愉悦和痛苦的化学机制密切相关,这些机制对我们日常的情绪和目标追求至关重要。多巴胺是驱动我们行动和动机的关键分子,它与运动的化学机制紧密相连。我们可以通过了解和控制多巴胺释放的时机来提升自身的动力。动机是一个两阶段的过程,它涉及到平衡愉悦和痛苦。多巴胺主要负责“想要”和“渴望”,而不是单纯的愉悦感受。大脑中的多巴胺奖赏通路是为了激励我们追求生存和繁衍所需的特定目标而进化出来的,而并非为了让我们成瘾。成瘾不仅仅是愉悦感带来的重复行为,更重要的是愉悦与痛苦的平衡。在重复追求某种行为或事物后,多巴胺释放带来的愉悦感会下降,而对该事物渴望的痛苦感会增加。我们对快乐的追求很大程度上是为了减轻渴望的痛苦。多巴胺更多的是关于追求更多以减轻未来痛苦的动机,而不是单纯的快乐。血清素等“当下”分子能让我们体验当下的感觉和快乐,而大脑不再对未来进行预测。血清素是带来幸福和满足感的分子,它与我们对现有事物的关注有关。多巴胺让我们关注外部世界,而血清素和内源性大麻素让我们关注当下。拖延症的原因并非单一,一部分人享受即将到来的截止日期带来的压力,另一部分人则是因为多巴胺分泌不足。通过延长积极体验的持续时间并减轻缺乏该体验的痛苦,我们可以更好地管理多巴胺水平。一个实验分离了快乐和动机,证明多巴胺与动机而非快乐体验直接相关。我们可以通过调整多巴胺释放的时机来提升动机,避免多巴胺水平的剧烈波动。多巴胺具有主观性,我们可以通过主观解读来影响多巴胺的释放和体验。赌博之所以有效是因为它利用了间歇性强化机制,这种机制能最大限度地利用多巴胺奖赏系统。我们可以通过间歇性地给予奖励来保持动机,避免多巴胺系统的过度刺激。要平衡多巴胺系统和“当下”分子系统,才能创造健康的积极情绪状态。

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Shownotes Transcript

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, I explain the biological mechanism behind motivation and drive), as well as discuss practical tools for overcoming procrastination. 

I discuss the key role dopamine plays in driving cravings and motivating action. I explain how dopamine regulates the balance between pleasure and pain, and what happens when this system becomes dysregulated, leading to addiction. I discuss the role of molecules like serotonin, which help enhance the enjoyment of the present, and explain how to balance the drive for more while staying focused in the present. I also discuss the causes of procrastination and describe strategies to boost dopamine levels through behavioral approaches or supplements. 

Huberman Lab Essentials) are short episodes (approximately 30 minutes) focused on essential science and protocol takeaways from past Huberman Lab episodes. Essentials will be released every Thursday, and our full-length episodes will still be released every Monday.

Read the full episode show notes at hubermanlab.com).

Thank you to our sponsors

AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman)

Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman)

Mateina: https://drinkmateina.com/huberman)

LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman)

Timestamps

00:00:00 Huberman Lab Essentials; Motivation

00:01:57 Dopamine & Brain 

00:04:08 Anticipation, Craving & Dopamine

00:05:37 Sponsor: AG1

00:06:46 Food, Drugs & Dopamine Release

00:10:18 Addiction, Pleasure & Pain Balance

00:14:12 Sponsors: Eight Sleep & Mateina

00:17:14 Dopamine, Pain, Yearning

00:19:08 “Here and Now” Molecules, Serotonin, Endocannabinoids, Tool: Mindfulness

00:22:42 Procrastination; Tool: Extend Dopamine, Offset Pain

00:26:15 Sponsor: LMNT

00:27:31 Dopamine & Motivation; Increasing Dopamine, Phenethylamine (PEA)

00:30:58 Dopamine Schedule, Subjectivity

00:33:59 Gambling, Intermittent Reinforcement, Tool: Blunting Rewards

00:38:51 Recap & Key Takeaway

Disclaimer & Disclosures)