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专注于电动车和能源领域的播客主持人和内容创作者。
主持人: 我们对尼安德特人的刻板印象，即他们愚笨、野蛮，并非完全基于科学事实，而是深受历史偏见和文化背景的影响。从Marcelin Boulle对尼安德特人骨骼的误读开始，媒体的传播和当时盛行的颅相学，都强化了这种刻板印象。然而，随着时间的推移和科学技术的进步，人们对尼安德特人的认知也在不断修正。后来的研究表明，尼安德特人并非如我们之前想象的那样低等，他们拥有复杂的社会结构和认知能力。
Paige Madison: 对尼安德特人的刻板印象并非单一原因造成，而是多种因素共同作用的结果。当时的科学环境已预设了尼安德特人愚笨的结论，Marcelin Boulle的误读只是其中一个因素。更重要的是，当时的社会和科学背景，例如盛行的颅相学，已经预设了对尼安德特人的偏见。要避免这种偏见，需要提出更广泛的问题，并重视与预期不符的证据。
Hélène Rougier: 作为一名古人类学家，我强调在研究中重视那些与预期不符的证据。这些证据可能挑战我们已有的假设，并帮助我们更客观地认识尼安德特人。例如，在对洞穴中发现的骨骼进行碳十四年代测定后，发现其年代比预期要年轻，这促使我们重新审视对该洞穴居住者的最初假设。
Paige Madison: The common narrative about Neanderthals being dumb stems from Marcelin Boulle's misinterpretation of a Neanderthal skeleton in the early 20th century. Newspapers spread his view, shaping public perception. However, this is only one piece of a larger story. The scientific community already held assumptions about Neanderthals being brutish and less intelligent. Craniometry, a now-discredited practice of measuring skulls to assess intelligence, further fueled these biases. The prevailing scientific climate of the time heavily influenced interpretations of Neanderthal remains. To avoid such biases, we must ask broader questions and seriously consider evidence that contradicts our expectations.
Hélène Rougier: In my research, I emphasize the importance of considering evidence that doesn't fit our preconceived notions. Such evidence can challenge our assumptions and lead to a more objective understanding of Neanderthals. For example, carbon dating of bones found in a cave revealed a younger age than expected, forcing a reevaluation of our initial assumptions about the cave's inhabitants.
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