Abercrombie is back
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Summer of 1999. Britney had her first hit. TLC had their millionth. American Pie was in theaters. Carson Daly was on TRL. And the cool kids wore Abercrombie and Fitch. Abercrombie didn't invent the American teenager. Hollywood did that. You're tearing me apart!

But for a time, it defined what it meant to dress and act like a teenager. Look at him! It's like Abercrombie's making people now. But then, the brand cratered, done in by the cheap shots it took at women, Asians, West Virginia, and male gymnasts, among others. It was over. Until recently. Consumers still flocking to Abercrombie and Fitch. Name them. Shares rallying on Wednesday after beating profit expectations and posting strong sales numbers.

On Today Explained, Abercrombie is back.

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Very Abercrombie and Fitch. I'm Noelle King with Elizabeth Segrin. She's a senior staff writer at Fast Company. She writes about the fashion industry. And Elizabeth's early memories of Abercrombie? Okay, so I did not grow up in this country because my dad worked for an airline. I spent most of my childhood in Europe and Asia. And so my first experience even hearing about Abercrombie and Fitch came in 1999 when I was a junior in high school.

It was called Summer Girls by LFO. It was such an iconic song, and the refrain of that song, as many people will remember, is, I like girls that wear Abercrombie and Fitch. I like girls that wear Abercrombie and Fitch. I'd take her if I had one wish.

So the thing that went off in my little, you know, teenage girl brain was like, what is this brand that makes men swoon when girls just wear it, right? And then when I watched the music video, you know, almost all of the models in it were white. So I think I was getting my first taste of Abercrombie & Fitch from that song.

You were indeed. When did you experience Abercrombie in the flesh? So then I came to the U.S. for college, and so I decided to go to a mall and check it out for myself.

Welcome to Abercrombie & Fitch. Can we take your order? So this was probably around 2001, 2002. And this was, I think, at the period where Abercrombie was still very powerful in American culture. And so I stepped into this store, and let me tell you, the first thing that happened was I was hit in the face with this overwhelming...

musky cologne. And I was just like, how are they even pumping this stuff out? Like, I didn't know where it was coming from, but everything smelled of this musk. And

And then the next thing that I noticed was that all over the walls, there was this black and white imagery of these models. And they were, you know, predominantly men. And they were, most of them not wearing shirts, which struck me as odd because this was a clothing store and yet all the models were naked. But I think, you know, the main thing that I experienced when I was in the store was that, you know, all of the staff members there were predominantly white men.

They were all, you know, very, very beautiful and very physically fit. And they just did not seem very interested in serving customers there. They were sort of like off in the corner. And if you needed any help, you needed to go and like talk to these people who were obviously way cooler than you. So, you know, as a marketing strategy, I don't know like how that works.

worked really, but I determined from that one visit that Abercrombie and Fitch was really not my scene. You sought Abercrombie out and that was kind of a weird thing to do, but actually it was not that weird because it was so huge. I can totally see why you were like, I want to see this thing in the flesh. Yeah. Well, you know, eventually, you know, I

After that period, I became a fashion journalist. So over the last 10 years, I've done many stories about Abercrombie & Fitch, and I find it a absolutely fascinating company.

I don't know whether everybody knows this, but it was originally founded 130 years ago. And it was one of the original American clothing brands. It created mostly outdoor clothing that was sold by catalog. And it has dressed everyone from Amelia Earhart to Teddy Roosevelt, right? And so it's this very old, iconic brand.

But over the decades after it was founded, it ran into hard times. -Long traffic lines have created a virtual parking lot here in Bell Harbor. It's not because the exclusive shops here are giving away anything free, just Abercrombie & Fitch going out of business.

By the time we enter the current era, it was really struggling financially. So in 1988, the brand was acquired by The Limited, which you might know because it also owns Victoria's Secret and Express. And it was in the late 80s and early 90s that it went through this incredible transformation from this

heritage American brand into what we now know as this, you know, teen hyper-sexualized kind of racist brand. And really the mastermind behind this strategy was this man, Michael Jeffries, who became the CEO in 1992. And he's the one who transformed the company into this massive hit. CEO Mike Jeffries used sex appeal to win them over. I hope Abercrombie feels very sexy for a 20-year-old.

Mike Jeffries told Salon Magazine at one point, in every school there are cool and popular kids and then there are the not so cool kids. Candidly, we go after the cool kids. Are we exclusionary? Absolutely. So he was going after, you know, physically fit, athletic kids who

largely white, and he clothed them in traditional classic American preppy clothing. And so he was drawing from the catalog of, you know, American aesthetics. So we're talking about, you know, Oxford shirts with popped collars and cotton t-shirts and, you know, denim and capricorn

But what he did was he took it to a new level as far as how sexualized these garments were. So everything was extremely tight, very low-fitting, lots of midriff exposure. And there were lots of brands. I mean, over time, there have been lots of brands that are exclusive. That is part of the marketing. It's what gets non-cool people to buy in, that this is what they should be wearing. Not

Not all of those brands, though, go through the absolute Roman Empire of a fall that Abercrombie went through. Walk us through some of the scandals and missteps, the newsmaking moments. Yeah, I agree. I think the exclusionary point of view is what sells, right? I mean, that's what sells in retail. But I think what went wrong with Abercrombie is that they were just so nakedly

in pursuit of this kind of vision of exclusion. For one thing, they were extremely racist. I mean, let's just put it plainly, right? I mean, this was a very racist brand. My, you know, favorite, you know, example of how racist they were was that in 2002, they released this t-shirt that featured two Chinese men on it with very offensively slanted eyes and

And it was designed to look like a shirt from like a laundromat. And the slogan on it was two Wongs can make it white. I just,

I just want to know, like, what was the process of making, like, who was in the room when they made this? Like, did they just think like, oh, okay, this is kind of a funny pun. Like, let's just go with it, right? Or was there anybody there who was like rolling their eyes? I don't think so. I think that they had hired, you know, a team of executives that didn't have the ability to understand exactly how egregious that was.

And, you know, in 2003, the brand faced a class action lawsuit where all of these plaintiffs argued that Abercrombie did not hire black, Asian and Latino people in stores. So I was totally on to that. Hold up, shorties. Each photo costs 10 bucks and the proceeds go to charity.

Oh, what charity is that? It's to pay for the $40 million lawsuit against us. Yeah, a bunch of minorities sued Abercrombie because they only hire foxy white guys. Like us.

If they were hired, they were forced to work in back rooms where they wouldn't be seen by customers. You know, all the way until 2013, there was a woman who took Abercrombie to court saying that the brand didn't hire her because she wore a hijab. Abercrombie told her they had a, quote, look policy. No headscarves allowed.

Her lawyer reading a statement on her behalf. Observance of my faith should not prevent me from getting a job. And that case went all the way to the Supreme Court and Abercrombie lost. Justice Scalia has our opinion this morning in case 1486, EEOC versus Abercrombie and Fitch. This is really easy.

And so I think the brand was just so overtly, nakedly offensive that the brand slowly offended people into irrelevance. This is, I mean, this is a preppy clothing brand that literally lost a Supreme Court case against it. How bad? Was that the low point? How bad did it get for Abercrombie? Yeah, I mean, I think that was the low point. You know, this coincided with

Financial problems. So starting in about 2008 during the Great Recession, Abercrombie's revenues began to go into a tailspin. But that was actually true of many retailers at the time. You know, the Great Recession was terrible for fashion brands.

But what was different about Abercrombie is that it never bounced back. During that period of the Great Recession, I think consumers realized that this was not a brand that they wanted to come back to. And by 2012, its stock price was like absolutely in the toilet. And, you know, in 2016, it was voted the most hated retailer. Like, I don't think that you can come back from that.

I think that what was going on during this period is that, you know, actually culture was changing. The brand in the 1990s was really playing into this notion that

that exclusion was a good thing, that you wanted to be at the top of this social hierarchy. But over the last couple of decades, culture has changed. American culture has changed for the better, in my opinion. Young people today don't want to live in an exclusionary world. They want to live in a place where everybody's accepted. And this includes people of color, people of different religions, people of all kinds of body types.

And this brand was just totally out of sync with the moment that we're in now. Elizabeth Segrin, Fast Company, coming up, the Abercromback, the Abercrombissance. Do you have one? That's so good. Maybe if they had used that, it would have come back faster.

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What do you think the vibe of the new Abercrombie is? Who are they trying to talk to? What is the sort of thing they're trying to put across?

They're still targeting young generation, but not as good as they did before. Like, they're not smelling as good as they used to. The shoppers were attractive, to be very honest. I used to collect them as a teenager, but they're just basic now. So I feel that. You're the only person that I've talked to who, like, misses the smell of Abercrombie. Yeah, definitely. It was so much better. It was a different vibe. It was a different experience. I wanted to be in store for longer because it smelled good, but it's just basic now, so...

It's Today Explained, back with Elizabeth Segrin, senior writer at Fast Company. All right, so Elizabeth, you have been a fashion writer for a long time. When did you start to suspect that Abercrombie & Fitch was trying to turn things around?

So it was a very distinct moment in 2019, which is five years ago now. And, you know, I'm a fashion writer. You know, I've been a fashion writer for a long time. And so I, you know, I'm in touch with lots of different brands because I need to do stories about them. And I had not heard from Abercrombie for the previous like five to 10 years before.

But in 2019, I started getting emails from them about changes that were happening at the company. And indeed, they had brought on an entirely new executive team with a new CEO and a new CMO and a new design team.

We did it. You know, no one thought, particularly with the Abercrombie brand, that it was possible. And our favorite thing to say right now is we're back. So my interest was piqued and I wanted to know whether it was really possible for this brand to bounce back after it had just tanked. The first thing I noticed was that the brand was growing.

very different aesthetically. For one thing, everybody was dressed in the ads, which, you know, was a big change for them. And, you know, and there was also this cast of, you know, diverse models. I mean, it kind of reminded me of ads from the United Colors of Benetton. Be right. Be wrong. Be anything. Be yourself. Be in love. Be humble. Be brave. Be happy.

But I think another very clear move that they were making is that rather than targeting teenagers, which had been their strategy for the previous two decades, they were very focused on targeting people in their early 20s. And I think this was a

really clever strategy. I mean, for one thing, there are actually not that many brands that are targeting this particular demographic. There are still teen brands out there and there are lots of brands that are targeting people with a little bit more money in their late 20s, early 30s. But this was sort of an untapped part of the market. But it was also smart in the sense that

these were millennials still, right? People in their early 20s. And they had vague memories of what this brand was a long time ago, but they hadn't followed it very closely. So it's a brand name that still carried some cachet.

But, you know, it was an entirely new generation that could explore this brand for the very first time. I think it was like my older cousins. They're like maybe 10 years older than me and I always saw them wearing abracame. So I think since I was a kid, I've always known. But it changed a lot over the years.

The preppy stuff that I remember was very cute for high school, but I don't know that I would want to wear like that, like tennis plate skirt into my first job. What does it look like now? Well, that skirt would have been way too short and inappropriate for the workplace. You're absolutely right. But that's the other really fascinating thing. They totally revamped the design of the products.

We like to say at Abercrombie, today it's about belonging. In the past, it was about fitting in, and there's a very big difference to those two things. So we have really been able to make a very inclusive and diverse

associate-based, consumer-based, product-based. We've extended our size. It's much less fashion-focused and also a lot less preppy. And it's mostly about sleek, minimalist pieces, kind of like essentials that you would use day in and day out. And they're very...

thoughtful about the use cases for these people who are just starting their lives, right? So there are pieces in their collections now that are great for your first job. So there's even suits and things like that. But there are lots of pieces for things like going to weddings because people might be starting to get married. The consumer told us, you know what? Weddings are no longer a day. They're two-, three-, four-day weekends. We need lots of things to wear throughout all of those different occasions.

And lots of things that are just, like, sort of casual for every day. And there's also been a big focus on denim, which is also another very clever strategy because...

Jeans have been the mainstay for many successful brands, including Madewell and Gap in its heyday. And so they've been very focused on creating very well-fitting jeans. You guys, if you are a curvier girl like me and you have a hard time finding jeans, I've just made the discovery of the century. And

And actually, there's a lot of discussion online about actually, like, these jeans fit really, really well. This is not sponsored. Also, I just have such a hard time finding pants that fit me that when I put these on, I almost started crying because it's like, this never happens. And importantly, the sizes now go up to size 32, which in the previous iteration of Abercrombie, they only went up to size 10, which actually is just, like, mind-blowing when you're

think about the American population, like how few people could actually fit into those clothes. So now it's much more size inclusive. And, you know, from my discussions with their design team, there is a lot of focus on the quality of the materials. They're using a lot of higher end materials like wool and cotton, um,

And there's also been a lot of focus on fit. And this is all really important because this is all happening in the context of fast fashion. And the fast fashion world is famously about making clothes as cheaply

as cheap as possible and making them so trendy that you can throw them out after a few wears. This is very distinctly going against all of that. I only recently started seeing stories about Abercrombie being back. I didn't see like a big relaunch. It's not coming up in my ads on Hulu. How did they get the word out?

This was also extremely interesting to me because they clearly had invested a lot of money in this turnaround, but they chose not to come out big. Instead, what they did was they worked with a lot of influencers on social media. I am an Abercrombie girlie, okay? The absolute chokehold that Abercrombie trousers have on me is ridiculous. I'm just going to say it. I don't care what anybody says.

Abercrombie is elite when it comes to fall fashion. And they started launching stores on shopping streets that had a different look. And they were very quiet about this relaunch, and they were just really hoping that it would spread by word of mouth.

I think coming back quietly was a really good strategy because it meant that people weren't thinking that critically about this brand. You know, they were just kind of stumbling into it when they saw, you know, an influencer wear a really nice outfit or stepping into the store and then kind of discovering for themselves what this brand was in this moment. How well is it working? It is...

Working remarkably well. I mean, this has been one of the most interesting success stories in retail. So, you know, listen to this. Last year, it was the best performing stock on the S&P index. It beat out NVIDIA. No. And so it gained 285%. So that's number one, like,

pretty remarkable. It generated $4 billion in revenue in the previous financial year with a 10% year-over-year growth. So it's doing gangbusters, right? And, you know, when I spoke to them, they said that they're really, you know, trying to hit that $5 billion revenue target. And so they're totally on track to doing that. I mean, it's just remarkable. Yeah.

It is remarkable, and it makes me wonder whether there is a takeaway here for other brands that might be struggling. I think this is a really encouraging story for all of the heritage, large retailers that dot the American retail landscape.

You know, it's been a hard couple of years for a lot of different retail brands, especially, you know, when direct-to-consumer brands like Everlane and Reformation have popped up, you know, and they've had to compete with these new brands. So big brands like J.Crew and Gap have had a difficult time. But I think the Abercrombie story shows us that if a brand has this long history and a place in...

in American retail history, it can come back. But you have to be really smart about it and you have to be focused, I think, on separating yourself from other brands on the market, just like Abercrombie has by targeting this early 20s audience, but also really focus on quality because I think consumers, they're very perceptive and they want good quality product. And I think Abercrombie did both of these things. And I mean, look at how well it's doing.

As a teenager, you heard a line in a song that was compelling enough to make you go in to a store when you hit the U.S. And then you grew up and you became a fashion writer. Do you owe it all to Abercrombie & Fitch or perhaps to LFO? No.

Oh my gosh. I have to rethink my whole life now. I need to talk about this with my therapist, to be honest, to work through all of what this means for me. What is LFO'd?

Elizabeth Segrin is a senior writer at Fast Company. Today's show was produced by Amanda Llewellyn. She had help from Peter Balanon-Rosen. Amina El-Sadi was our editor. Matthew Collette fact-checked. And Patrick Boyd and Andrea Christen's daughter engineered. The rest of our team includes Halima Shah, Avishai Artsy, Hadi Muagdi, Miles Bryan, Victoria Chamberlain, Denise Guerra, Rob Byers, and senior researcher Laura Bullard. Miranda Kennedy is our executive producer. We use music by Break

Master Cylinder. I am Noelle King. My co-host is Sean Ramos-Firm. Today Explained is distributed by WNYC and the show is part of Fox. I like girls that wear Abercrombie and Fitch. I'd take her if I had one wish.