cover of episode Vol.30  LGBT×反家暴 | 不只有「打人」才叫家暴,女同性恋家暴远多于

Vol.30 LGBT×反家暴 | 不只有「打人」才叫家暴,女同性恋家暴远多于

2023/2/26
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黄色柜子

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阿柯
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Miu老师: 本期节目讨论LGBT群体中的家暴问题,邀请了在该领域有丰富经验的阿柯进行分享。 阿柯: 我在LGBT反家暴领域工作近9年,从研究到一线服务都有参与。我的工作包含一线服务、社群工作和机构建设三个方面。我们机构的LGBT家暴防治工作采用金字塔结构,包括社群倡导、社群赋能和个案服务三个层面。 家暴的核心要素是权力控制的关系,需要施暴者、受害者和权力控制三个要素同时存在。家暴的定义包含三个要素:施暴者、受害者和权力控制关系。家暴的施暴者和受害者都有其主观感受,不只是身体层面,精神和心理层面也包括在内。冷暴力很难界定为家暴,因为法律上只关注未成年人的忽视漠视,成年人的不作为造成的伤害难以认定。家暴可分为精神暴力、肢体暴力、性暴力和经济控制四类。权力控制关系是家暴的核心要素,即使施暴者未意识到自己的控制行为,也属于家暴。权力控制关系在亲密关系中可能隐蔽,需要结合受害者的感知和施暴者的行为来判断。判断家暴需要综合考虑受害者的主观感受和客观事实,并区分一般暴力和权力控制性暴力。家暴的类型还包括互控型暴力和高压控制型暴力,后者受害者往往难以意识到自己处于被控制状态。意识到自己是否被家暴需要从权力互动关系的角度去观察,并学习识别家暴的各种表现形式。家暴服务的边界在于服务者只能在求助者寻求帮助后才能进行干预,不能主动干预。家暴服务者需要保持边界感,避免将自身需求带入服务中,造成二次伤害。家暴服务者会产生替代性创伤,需要不断学习和提升自我边界感。我服务的案例中,女性求助者较多,也有一些男性求助者,他们的求助原因各不相同。面对求助者的威胁,我会关注其背后的需求,而不是威胁本身。我曾处理过一个案例,一名拉拉被家人囚禁,警方和律师介入后,最终女孩放弃求助。很多家暴求助是通过第三方进行的,因为受害者可能已经被限制了自由和通讯。我处理过一个案例,受害者虽然与家人冲突,但保持了对外联络,并最终独立生活。对求助者,我们会提供安全计划、资源支持和陪伴。面对求助者放弃求助或无法改变现状的情况,家暴服务者会感到失落,需要通过督导、团体互助等方式来应对。LGBT社群中,女同性恋之间的家暴案例较多,原因复杂,包括权力控制、原生家庭影响和对自身伤害等。LGBT社群中,性暴力的案例较少,但其表现形式多样,包括言语骚扰、强制性行为等。我处理过一个案例,下属控告上司职场性骚扰,但其诉求并非单纯的性暴力。LGBT社群中,肢体暴力和精神暴力案例较多,性暴力案例较少,经济控制常与其他暴力形式叠加出现。关于施暴者,目前大陆地区还没有针对性的支持系统,但从人性的角度出发,很多施暴者本身也是受害者。如果发现自己被家暴,应寻求专业帮助,例如报警、联系相关机构或寻求法律援助。 阿柯: 我曾处理过许多案例,LGBT社群中,女同性恋之间的家暴案例远多于男同性恋之间。这与社会性别角色的刻板印象和权力不平衡有关,也与原生家庭的压力和出柜问题有关。在这些案例中,精神控制和冷暴力非常普遍,且往往难以被察觉。性暴力在LGBT社群中虽然案例较少,但其表现形式多样,包括言语骚扰、强制性行为等。在处理这些案例时,我会关注求助者的需求,并提供安全计划、资源支持和陪伴。同时,我也会与警方、律师等多方机构合作,以期更好地保护受害者。面对求助者放弃求助或无法改变现状的情况,我会感到失落,但我会通过督导、团体互助等方式来应对。在反家暴领域,我看到了个体力量和生态系统力量之间的关系,这让我感到好奇和兴奋。我希望未来能够有更多资源和支持,帮助更多LGBT群体摆脱家暴的困境。

Deep Dive

Key Insights

What are the three core elements of domestic violence as discussed in the podcast?

The three core elements of domestic violence are: 1) A power-control relationship, where there is an abuser (referred to as the 'relative person' to avoid stigmatization) and a victim. 2) The victim must feel harmed, which includes physical, psychological, and emotional harm. 3) The presence of a controlling relationship, where the abuser exerts control over the victim, often without the victim initially recognizing it as abuse.

Why is the LGBTQ community, particularly lesbian couples, more prone to domestic violence?

Lesbian couples in the LGBTQ community are more prone to domestic violence due to the replication of traditional male-female power dynamics within their relationships. This often leads to a higher incidence of control and violence, which is less recognized because it occurs within a same-sex relationship. Additionally, the societal stigma and lack of awareness about domestic violence in LGBTQ relationships contribute to its prevalence.

What are some common forms of domestic violence discussed in the podcast?

Common forms of domestic violence include physical violence, psychological violence, sexual violence, and economic control. Psychological violence can involve verbal abuse, harassment, and emotional manipulation. Sexual violence includes non-consensual sexual acts, and economic control involves restricting the victim's access to financial resources.

How does the podcast describe the process of recognizing and seeking help for domestic violence?

Recognizing domestic violence involves understanding the dynamics of power and control in a relationship. Victims often seek help only after multiple incidents, as they may not initially recognize the abuse. The podcast emphasizes the importance of community education and support systems to help victims identify abuse and access resources like hotlines, legal aid, and counseling services.

What challenges do victims of domestic violence face when seeking help in China?

Victims of domestic violence in China face challenges such as limited legal protections, societal stigma, and a lack of awareness about available resources. Many victims are unaware of their rights or how to access help, and there is often a reluctance to involve authorities due to fear of retaliation or disbelief. Additionally, the support system for domestic violence victims is still developing, with few specialized services available.

What role do community education and support groups play in combating domestic violence?

Community education and support groups play a crucial role in combating domestic violence by raising awareness, providing education on the signs of abuse, and offering a safe space for victims to share their experiences. These groups help victims recognize abusive behaviors, understand their rights, and access necessary resources. They also work to reduce the stigma associated with domestic violence and encourage victims to seek help.

Chapters
本期节目探讨家暴的定义与构成要素。嘉宾阿柯结合自身经验,解释了权力控制关系在家暴中的核心地位,并对精神暴力、肢体暴力、性暴力和经济暴力等不同类型进行了细致的区分。
  • 家暴的核心要素是权力控制关系,包含施暴者、受害者和权力失衡三个要素。
  • 精神暴力包括冷暴力、言语侮辱、骚扰等,即使没有肢体接触,也会造成严重的心理伤害。
  • 除了肢体暴力,精神暴力、性暴力和经济控制也属于家暴的范畴。

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