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中逊和高宁:2025年美国许多新法律生效,涵盖人工智能、未成年人保护、堕胎、枪支、大麻、最低工资等多个方面。 在人工智能方面,未经授权使用人工智能模仿演员的声音或形象是违法的(AB2602)。 针对未成年网红,法律规定部分收入需存入信托基金,以保护他们的利益,避免重蹈Jackie Coogan, Shirley Temple等童星的覆辙。 佛罗里达州禁止14岁以下儿童拥有社交媒体账户,14-15岁儿童需经父母同意;田纳西州则要求18岁以下未成年人在社交媒体开设账户需经父母同意。 加州打击网络深度造假,并允许受害者对虚假政治广告提起诉讼。 特拉华州法律要求州政府雇员的医疗保险计划涵盖堕胎费用。 医疗债务不得向信用评级公司报告。 加州法律规定学校不得将未成年学生的跨性别身份告知家长。 加州36号提案加重了零售盗窃的处罚,并赋予警察更多逮捕权。 20多个州调整了最低工资标准,加州、华盛顿州和康乃狄克州的最低时薪超过16美元。 加州日光法案禁止在人行道20英尺范围内停车。 除蒙大拿州外,美国所有州开车时发短信或使用手机都是违法的;密苏里州对开车玩手机采取三步处罚措施,三次违规将面临严重处罚,甚至可能面临监禁。 加州法律限制化妆品和服装中含有的有毒化学物质。 中逊和高宁:这些法律的实施,旨在保护未成年人权益,规范网络行为,维护社会公平正义,保障民众健康安全。 然而,部分法律也面临挑战,例如佛罗里达州和田纳西州的社交媒体相关法律,以及加州的跨性别相关法律,都引发了争议。 此外,法律的执行也面临实际困难,例如如何有效核实色情网站用户的年龄,以及如何平衡打击网络犯罪与言论自由之间的关系。 最低工资的调整,也反映了社会经济发展中的矛盾与博弈。 总之,这些新法的出台,既是社会进步的体现,也反映了社会治理中面临的诸多挑战。

Deep Dive

Key Insights

What is the AB2602 law about, and how does it protect actors?

AB2602 makes it illegal to use artificial intelligence to replicate an actor's voice or image without their consent or authorization. This law protects both living and deceased actors, with the latter requiring permission from their family. It safeguards Hollywood actors, voice actors, and performers by preventing unauthorized use of their likeness, ensuring that AI cannot replace real actors in the entertainment industry.

What are the financial protections for child influencers under new laws?

New laws require that at least 15% of a child influencer's earnings be placed into a trust fund, which they can access upon reaching adulthood. This protects minors from having their earnings entirely controlled or spent by their parents, addressing past issues where child stars lost their earnings due to parental mismanagement.

What is the Coogan Act, and why was it created?

The Coogan Act, named after child actor Jackie Coogan, was established in 1939 to protect the earnings of child performers. It mandates that a portion of a child actor's income be placed into a trust fund, ensuring they have access to their earnings when they reach adulthood. This law was created after Coogan's parents spent his entire fortune, leaving him with nothing.

What are the new social media restrictions for minors in Florida?

Florida has enacted a law prohibiting children under 14 from having social media accounts. For 14- and 15-year-olds, parental consent is required to open an account. This law aims to protect minors from the negative effects of social media, such as mental health issues and exposure to inappropriate content.

What is California's new law regarding AI and political ads?

California has introduced a law allowing individuals to sue if their likeness is used in AI-generated political ads without their consent. This law targets deceptive content in political campaigns, ensuring that false images or videos created using AI can be legally challenged.

What is the new law in Delaware regarding abortion coverage?

Delaware has passed a law requiring state employee health insurance plans to cover abortion procedures without any out-of-pocket costs. This ensures that state employees have access to abortion services as part of their healthcare benefits.

What is California's Proposition 36, and how does it address retail theft?

Proposition 36, passed in California, increases penalties for retail theft, including shoplifting and smash-and-grab crimes. It allows law enforcement to arrest suspects based on reasonable suspicion, even without witnessing the crime. Additionally, it closes a legal loophole by making it a crime to steal from a vehicle, regardless of whether the car was locked.

Which states have the highest minimum wage in 2025?

In 2025, Washington State, California, and Connecticut will have the highest minimum wages in the U.S., all exceeding $16 per hour. California's minimum wage is set at $16.50, while Washington State's is $16.66.

What is California's AB413, also known as the Daylighting Law?

AB413, or the Daylighting Law, prohibits parking within 20 feet of a crosswalk or pedestrian path. This law aims to improve visibility for drivers and pedestrians, reducing the risk of accidents caused by obstructed views from parked vehicles.

What are the penalties for texting while driving in Missouri?

In Missouri, texting while driving results in a three-step penalty system: a warning and fine for the first offense, a higher fine for the second offense, and up to 15 years in prison if the behavior leads to a fatal accident. This law emphasizes the dangers of distracted driving and imposes severe consequences for violations.

Shownotes Transcript

這些法律也許和你的生活有密切關係