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cover of episode Babbage: The hunt for dark matter

Babbage: The hunt for dark matter

2024/2/21
logo of podcast Babbage from The Economist

Babbage from The Economist

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C
Christopher Karwin
D
Deborah Pinner
D
Don Lincoln
J
Jodi Cooley
J
Josef Aschbacher
M
Michael Murra
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Don Lincoln: 我研究暗物质已有数十年,它是一种假设性粒子,解释了星系旋转速度过快和星系团结构等天文观测现象。我们通过探测暗物质粒子与原子碰撞产生的信号,以及暗物质粒子湮灭产生的伽马射线来寻找它。虽然我们还没有直接观测到暗物质,但这些间接证据强烈暗示着它的存在。我们已经排除了许多暗物质候选粒子,但仍有许多可能性需要探索。 Christopher Karwin: 我专注于间接探测暗物质,利用费米大面积望远镜(Fermi-LAT)寻找暗物质湮灭产生的伽马射线。费米望远镜自2008年发射以来,收集了大量数据,观测到来自银河系中心的一个过量信号,这可能是暗物质湮灭的信号,但也可能是毫秒脉冲星等其他来源。未来,COSY望远镜将提供更高分辨率的数据,帮助我们更好地理解这个信号。 Josef Aschbacher: 欧几里得探测器将绘制宇宙的三维地图,这将帮助我们更好地理解宇宙的结构和演化,从而对暗物质和暗能量的性质提供更多约束。 Jodi Cooley: 我们在SNOLAB地下实验室利用各种探测器直接探测暗物质。由于地球表面宇宙射线的干扰,我们需要将探测器放置在地下深处。我们寻找暗物质粒子与探测器中的靶物质相互作用产生的信号,例如晶格振动或光信号。SuperCDMS实验正在寻找质量较低的暗物质粒子,这将是未来研究的一个重要方向。 Michael Murra: 我在Xenon实验中利用液氙探测器直接探测暗物质。暗物质粒子与氙原子核相互作用会产生光信号和电子信号,我们可以通过测量这些信号来重建暗物质粒子的轨迹和能量。这个实验位于意大利格兰萨索山脉地下,以减少宇宙射线的干扰。 Deborah Pinner: 我在大型强子对撞机(LHC)上进行暗物质研究。我们试图通过质子碰撞产生暗物质粒子,并通过测量碰撞后可见粒子的能量不守恒来间接探测暗物质。虽然我们还没有发现暗物质,但排除一些可能性本身也是非常有价值的。

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Dark matter is thought to make up around a quarter of the universe, but so far it has eluded detection by all scientific instruments. Scientists know it must exist because of the ways galaxies move and it also explains the large-scale structure of the modern universe. But no-one knows what dark matter actually is.

Scientists have been hunting for dark matter particles for decades, but have so far had no luck. At the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, held recently in Denver, a new generation of researchers presented their latest tools, techniques and ideas to step up the search for this mysterious substance. Will they finally detect the undetectable? 

Host: Alok Jha, The Economist’s science and technology editor. Contributors: Don Lincoln, senior scientist at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory; Christopher Karwin, a fellow at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center; Josef Aschbacher, boss of the European Space Agency; Michael Murra of Columbia University; Jodi Cooley, executive director of SNOLAB; Deborah Pinna of University of Wisconsin and CERN.

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