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The German nuclear program, known as Uranverein, was launched in 1939, shortly after the discovery of nuclear fission. Despite employing some of the world’s top physicists, it failed to develop a nuclear weapon. In 1942, the program shifted its focus to nuclear reactor development after determining that nuclear fission would not have a decisive impact on the outcome of World War II.
Several factors contributed to the Uranverein's failure. The Nazi regime’s persecution of Jewish scientists significantly weakened the program by depriving it of crucial scientific talent. Additionally, the program was hindered by disorganization and competition between various research groups. Most importantly, the German government never provided the program with the financial and logistical support that the American Manhattan Project received, further limiting its potential.
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