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cover of episode Catching a KiIler Doctor

Catching a KiIler Doctor

2021/3/19
logo of podcast Cautionary Tales with Tim Harford

Cautionary Tales with Tim Harford

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Tim Harford: 本期节目讲述了英国历史上最臭名昭著的连环杀手之一哈罗德·希普曼医生,他伪装成慈祥的医生,长期杀害病人却逍遥法外,直到25年后才被揭露。希普曼的案件暴露出医疗系统和社会在识别和预防此类犯罪方面的严重不足。节目中分析了希普曼案件中存在的系统性失误,以及如何通过统计分析方法尽早发现并阻止此类犯罪。 哈罗德·希普曼医生利用其医生身份的便利,通过注射过量吗啡杀害病人,并伪造死亡证明,将死因伪装成自然死亡。由于受害者多为老年人,他们的死亡并没有引起足够的警觉。人们受“代表性启发式”的影响,倾向于将老年人的死亡归因于自然原因,从而忽略了异常情况。 希普曼的案件也暴露出医疗系统在数据收集和分析方面的不足。如果能够对医生的病例数据进行有效的统计分析,例如运用类似于二战时期盟军开发的“序贯检验”方法,就可以及早发现希普曼案件中的异常模式,从而阻止更多悲剧的发生。 节目中还探讨了其他类似的案例,例如美国中年白人中“绝望之死”的现象,这是一种被忽视的公共卫生危机。这些案例都警示我们,要重视数据分析在识别和预防公共卫生危机和犯罪方面的作用。 David Spiegelhalter: 作为英国著名的统计学家,我参与了对希普曼案件的调查。调查结果表明,如果能够对希普曼的病例数据进行有效的统计分析,就可以尽早发现其异常行为,从而阻止更多悲剧的发生。我们应该学习运用统计方法,对医疗数据进行分析,及早发现异常情况,避免类似事件再次发生。统计分析并非为了证明罪责,而是为了引起关注,及早发现异常情况。 Anne Case & Angus Deaton: 我们在研究中发现,美国中年白人中“绝望之死”的现象日益严重,这包括自杀、意外过量服用药物和慢性肝病等。这些死亡的增加,在数据中是清晰可见的,但长期以来却被忽视了。这说明,即使是显而易见的数据,如果没有足够的重视和分析,也可能被忽略,导致严重的公共卫生问题。 Supporting Evidences: [“On the 21st of August, 1974, Elaine Oswald made a visit to the doctor's office...”], [“Harold Shipman was a murderer. And not just any murderer.”], [“In the case of Harold Chipman, the Greater Manchester Police faced a radically different problem...”], [“Interrogating statistics to set our alarm bells ringing was an idea developed by the Allies during the Second World War...”], [“In 2014, Anne Case and Angus Deaton were spending the summer together in a cabin in Montana...”]

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Harold Shipman, a family doctor, managed to murder over 200 patients without being detected for decades. His crimes were often disguised as natural deaths, and he manipulated medical records to cover his tracks.

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Family doctor Harold Shipman got away with murdering his patients for decades. He was one of the most prolific serial killers in history - but his hundreds of crimes largely went unnoticed despite a vast paper trail of death certificates he himself had signed.

Why do we sometimes fail to see awful things happening right under our noses? And how can the systems that maintain quality control in cookie factories be employed to prevent another doctor like Shipman killing with impunity?

Read more about Tim's work at http://timharford.com/)

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