喀布尔机场发生两次爆炸，至少72人死亡

At least 72 people, including children, were killed on Thursday in two suicide bombings, one near an entrance to Hamid Karzai International Airport, and the other outside the airport near a hotel in Kabul, Afghanistan, agencies reported.

据有关机构报道，周四至少有包括儿童72人在两起自杀式爆炸事件中丧生，其中一起发生在喀布尔哈米德·卡尔扎伊国际机场的一个入口附近，另一起发生在机场外一家酒店附近。

Throughout the day, tensions had been particularly high as Western countries, concerned about the possibility of attacks, urged people to leave the airport.

西方国家担心可能发生袭击，敦促人们离开机场，一整天局势都特别紧张。

The international community, particularly countries bordering Afghanistan, have "many difficult choices" to make, following the failure of United States' military intervention there, which brought chaos, said Chas W. Freeman, US assistant secretary of defense for international security affairs from 1993 to 1994.

1993年至1994年负责国际安全事务的美国助理国防部长傅立民说，在美国对阿富汗的军事干预失败并带来混乱之后，国际社会，特别是与阿富汗接壤的国家，有“许多困难的选择”要做。

"The US can walk away; we are 12,000 miles away, and so the mess is there," Freeman said of the ongoing US withdrawal from a country it invaded 20 years ago, a hasty exit which he said was a result of the wrong sequence of "decision, planning and intelligence".

“美国可以一走了之；我们在12,000英里之外，所以混乱就在那里很遥远，”傅立民在谈到美国正从入侵20年的国家撤出时说，这次仓促撤出是“决策、计划和情报”的错误顺序造成的。

US President Joe Biden set an Aug 31 deadline for the withdrawal of its military from Afghanistan. Secretary of State Antony Blinken said on Wednesday there were about 6,000 US citizens who wanted to leave Afghanistan when the airlift began on Aug 14, one day before the Taliban took over the capital Kabul.

美国总统乔·拜登为其从阿富汗撤军设定了8月31日的最后期限。国务卿安东尼·布林肯周三说，在8月14日塔利班占领首都喀布尔的前一天开始，就大约有6000名美国公民想离开阿富汗。

"The countries with the biggest stake in this are the neighbors, not the United States, and so we have handed a problem to Afghanistan's neighbors," Freeman told China Daily in a video interview.

“与此关系最大的是邻国，而不是美国，因此我们把这个问题交给了阿富汗的邻国，”傅立民在一次视频采访中告诉中国日报。

Those neighbors, including China, India and Pakistan, are all concerned about the war-torn nation exporting terrorism and extremism, or providing a haven and training ground for terrorists, according to Freeman, who served as US ambassador to Saudi Arabia from 1989 to 1992.

曾在1989年至1992年担任美国驻沙特阿拉伯大使的傅立民说，这些邻国，包括中国、印度和巴基斯坦，都担心这个饱受战争摧残的国家会输出恐怖主义和极端主义，或者为恐怖分子提供庇护所和训练场所。

State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi said on Tuesday that the US shouldn't simply "take to its heels" or impose sanctions on Afghanistan.

国务委员兼外交部长王毅周二表示，美国对阿富汗不应一走了之或实施制裁。

The US should assume responsibility to properly handle the chaotic situation around Kabul airport, provide necessary economic, humanitarian assistance to Afghanistan and help realize a smooth transition in the country through concrete actions, Wang said in a phone call with Dutch Foreign Minister Sigrid Kaag.

王毅在与荷兰外交部长西格丽德·卡格通电话时说，当务之急是处理好喀布尔机场出现的乱局，同时也应向阿富汗提供必要的经济、民生、人道等紧急援助，采取实际行动帮助阿富汗实现平稳过渡，这是美方应当承担起的责任。

Freeman said: "First, none of us want to see terrorists based in Afghanistan, or finding a home in Afghanistan, so we all have that concern."

傅立民说。“首先，我们都不希望看到恐怖分子以阿富汗为基地，或者以阿富汗为家，所以我们都有这种担忧。”

In addition, he said, everyone has a concern about the narcotics, the heroin produced in Afghanistan, that has a way of crossing over borders rather easily.

此外，他说，每个人都对麻醉品、阿富汗生产的海洛因感到担忧，这些麻醉品有办法相当容易地越过边界。

The Taliban have appealed for help in substituting crops for poppies — from which heroin and opium are made — which would require countries such as the US, China, Russia and European Union members who are most concerned about the drug trafficking problem to help with agricultural aid and training and provide a commitment to buy the goods to ensure Afghan farmers can make a living, according to Freeman.

傅立民说，塔利班呼吁帮助用农作物代替罂粟—海洛因和鸦片是由罂粟制成的—这就需要美国、中国、俄罗斯和欧盟成员国等最关注毒品贩运问题的国家帮助提供农业援助和培训，并提供购买货物的承诺，以确保阿富汗农民能够谋生。

A third shared concern of the international community is to prevent extremist ideology from "contaminating neighboring societies", he said.

他说，国际社会的第三个共同关切是防止极端主义意识形态“污染周边社会”。

He said that Afghanistan has a "very strong" resistance to foreign intervention and culture, and is where "various foreign efforts over the millennia" to change it have failed, starting with Alexander the Great and including the then Soviet Union and the US.

他说，阿富汗对外国干预和外国文化有着“非常强烈”的抵触情绪，而且是“几千年来外国为改变阿富汗所做的各种努力”都失败了，从亚历山大大帝开始，包括当时的苏联和美国。

There is no military solution for Afghanistan, everybody who has tried a military solution has failed, Freeman said.

傅立民说，阿富汗没有军事解决方案，所有尝试过军事解决方案的人都失败了。

"What has just happened is that the lid has come off the pot, inside the pot is a boiling stew," he added.

他补充说到：“刚刚发生的事情就好比锅盖已经被掀开，锅里是沸腾的炖菜”。

The career diplomat said that the original US invasion of Afghanistan 20 years ago had "clear objectives". These were capturing those the US believed were behind the Sept 11, 2001, terrorist attacks and ousting a regime that was accused of providing shelter to terrorists.

这位职业外交官说，20年前美国最初入侵阿富汗有着“明确的目标”。目标就是抓捕那些美国认为是2001年9月11日恐怖袭击事件的幕后黑手，并赶走一个被指控为恐怖分子提供庇护的政权。

"They were accomplished really within six weeks. That was enough, we should have left. People were never able to accurately, precisely explain why we were still fighting in Afghanistan," he said. "If you fight a war and you don't know what the purpose of the war is, you're going to fail."

这目标确实在六个星期内完成了。这已经足够了，我们应该离开。他说：“人们从未能够准确地解释我们为什么还在阿富汗作战。”如果你打一场战争，而你不知道战争的目的是什么，你将会迎来失败。“

Last February, Freeman pointed out that the "ill-considered" US pacification campaign in that fractious country had failed. "There has been neither clarity nor fixity about our objectives there," he said in a speech at the Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs, where he serves as a senior fellow.

去年2月，傅立民指出，美国在这个脾气暴躁的国家进行的“考虑不周”的和平运动已经失败。他在担任高级研究员的沃森国际与公共事务研究所发表演讲时说，“我们在那里的目标既不明确也不固定。”

In the interview, Freeman analyzed what he believed was the "going-backward" policy decision process regarding the US Afghanistan move.

Biden made a decision to withdraw US troops in line with the agreement that his predecessor Donald Trump had negotiated, and then he asked the military to plan.

在采访中，傅立民分析了他认为的关于美国在阿富汗撤退政策决策过程。

拜登按照其前任总统唐纳德·特朗普谈判达成的协议。做出撤出美国军队的决定，随后要求军方进行规划。

What the military did was plan for force protection, that is, for the safety of the troops as they withdrew.

军方所做的是为保护部队安全的计划，也就是说，为部队安全撤退做的计划。

This is why they closed Bagram Air Base, which would have been essential for the kind of evacuation that is going on now at Hamid Karzai International Airport in Kabul, according to Freeman.

这就是为什么他们关闭了巴格拉姆空军基地，这对于现在正在哈米德·卡尔扎伊国际机场进行的那种疏散是必不可少的。

"So first came the decision, then came the planning, and only last came the intelligence assessment. This is all backwards," he said. "So, I think the contingency planning that was done, for the most part, did not focus on the right issue, which is the turmoil."

“首先是决策，然后是计划，最后才是情报评估。这一切都是倒过来的”他说。“所以我认为，在很大程度上，所做的应急计划没有把重点放在正确的问题上，造成了混乱。”

There are "mixed" consequences of the US failure in Afghanistan, he said. It shows that the US was "obstinate", keeping going even when it makes no sense, and that American reliability is in doubt, with people thinking the US can't be depended upon, even though it stayed in Afghanistan for 20 years.

他说，美国在阿富汗的失败有“多重”的后果。这显示出美国“顽固不化”的特征，即使处在毫无意义的情况下也要继续前进；美国的可靠性令人怀疑，人们认为美国不可信，尽管美国在阿富汗已经待了20年。

"Another result is that other countries will increase their efforts at self-defense. That is, because they want to hedge. They want to protect themselves against an American failure to come to their rescue," he said.

“另一个结果是其他国家会加大自卫力度。也就是说，因为他们想对冲缓解。他们想保护自己，以免美国的失败品来拯救他们”他说。

There are usually three criteria for recognition of a government: if it is in effective control of its territory, if it has agreed to keep its international obligations, and if it isn't causing a huge problem for its neighbors, according to Freeman.

傅立民认为，通常有三个标准来判断一个政府是否得到承认：是否有效控制其领土；是否同意履行其国际义务；是否没有给邻国造成巨大问题。

"The United States adds another one, which is do we like them or not?" he said. "We should recognize the reality. They have won the civil war, despite our help for their opponents, we have to live with that."

他说：“美国又增加了一个问题，那就是我们喜不喜欢他们？”“我们应该认清现实。他们赢得了内战，尽管我们帮助了他们的对手，我们必须接受这一点。”

As to "the most effective way to influence the Taliban", Freeman said it is engagement with them, not disengagement, ostracism, isolation or cutting them off from funding.

至于“最有效的影响塔利班的方式”，傅立民说，这是与他们接触，而不是脱离接触，排斥，孤立或切断他们的资金。

1. take to its heels 一走了之

2. narcotic

美 [nɑr'kɑtɪk] 英 [nɑː(r)'kɒtɪk]

n.麻醉剂；安眠药；起麻痹作用的东西；吸毒成瘾的人

adj.麻醉(性)的；起麻痹作用的；麻醉剂的；安眠用的

网络:毒品；麻醉药；麻醉品

3. lid

美 [lɪd] 英 [lɪd]

n.盖子

v.给装盖子

网络:眼睑；茶壶盖；限制

4. oust

美 [aʊst] 英 [aʊst]

v.逐出；【法】(非法)剥夺；代替

网络:驱逐

5. pacification

美&英 [ˌpæsɪfɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n]

n.平定；绥靖；和约

网络:和解；讲和；方便安抚宝宝情绪

6. contingency

美 [kən'tɪndʒənsi] 英 [kən'tɪndʒ(ə)nsi]

n.可能发生的事；偶发（或不测、意外）事件

网络:偶然性；意外事故；意外事件

7. turmoil

美 ['tɜr.mɔɪl] 英 ['tɜː(r)mɔɪl]

n.混乱；骚动；动乱；焦虑

网络:骚乱；动荡；喧嚷

8. obstinate

美 ['ɑbstɪnət] 英 ['ɒbstɪnət]

adj.执拗的；固执的；顽固的；棘手的

网络:顽强的；倔强的；难治的

9. hedge

美 [hedʒ] 英 [hedʒ]

n.树篱；防止损失（尤指金钱）的手段

v.避免正面回答；不直接许诺；拐弯抹角；在（田地等周围）植树篱

adj.树篱的；名声不好的；低劣的

网络:对冲；套期保值；篱笆

10. ostracism

美 ['ɒstrəsɪzəm]英 ['ɒstrəsɪzəm]

n.排挤；排斥

网络放逐；陶片放逐法；流放

喀布尔机场发生两次爆炸，至少72人死亡 06:45 Share

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喀布尔机场发生两次爆炸，至少72人死亡