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cover of episode Trump takes aim at trade deficits. Are they actually bad?

Trump takes aim at trade deficits. Are they actually bad?

2025/4/3
logo of podcast Consider This from NPR

Consider This from NPR

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Jason Furman
旁白
知名游戏《文明VII》的开场动画预告片旁白。
特朗普
美国企业家、政治人物及媒体名人,曾任第45任和第47任美国总统。
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特朗普: 我几十年来一直认为贸易逆差对美国有害,其他国家利用美国,关税是解决问题的办法。我的关税政策旨在消除贸易逆差,即使面临市场下跌、国际报复和党内反对,我也会坚持我的立场,因为这是为了保护美国的利益,让美国再次强大。 我坚信,通过提高关税,我们可以迫使其他国家公平竞争,从而减少贸易逆差,增加美国的就业岗位,特别是制造业就业岗位。虽然短期内可能会出现一些经济波动,但我相信长远来看,我的政策将使美国经济受益。 我的关税政策并非随意而为,而是经过深思熟虑的,目标是保护美国的产业和工人免受不公平竞争的伤害。我不会向那些试图利用美国的国家妥协,我会继续为美国的利益而战。 Jason Furman: 贸易逆差本身并不一定有害,与任何单个国家的贸易逆差都可能存在。即使没有整体贸易逆差,由于某些国家的产品需求量大,也会存在贸易逆差。长期且巨额的贸易逆差可能无法持续,但美国目前并非如此。 美国不会因贸易逆差而耗尽资金,因为流出的美元会重新投资回美国,例如用于在美国建设工厂或为政府债务融资。关税是对自身的税收,提高关税并不一定有利。许多发达国家的关税率与美国相似,只有中国和印度等国的关税率较高。 如果想通过贸易政策恢复制造业就业岗位,不应该对所有进口商品征收关税。美国不应追求低附加值的制造业工作岗位。特朗普的关税政策规模空前,缺乏重点,可能会损害而非帮助制造业,因为它会扰乱全球供应链并提高美国企业的投入成本。 特朗普的新关税与之前相比,规模更大,缺乏重点,导致关税率大幅上升。长期来看,特朗普的关税政策可能会导致美国经济增长放缓,通货膨胀上升,就业岗位质量下降,全球贸易减少,以及其他国家加强合作,排斥美国。 旁白: 特朗普的关税政策引发市场暴跌、其他国家报复以及党内反对。特朗普的关税政策旨在消除美国的贸易逆差,但其有效性和长期影响仍存在争议。经济学家对关税政策的经济影响持有不同意见,一些人认为关税对美国经济有害,另一些人则认为关税可以保护美国产业和就业岗位。 特朗普政府的关税政策对全球贸易格局产生了重大影响,导致一些国家采取报复性措施,加剧了贸易摩擦。关税政策的长期影响还有待观察,但其短期影响已经显现,例如市场波动和物价上涨。 特朗普的关税政策的核心前提是贸易逆差有害,应该消除。然而,经济学家对此观点存在异议,认为贸易逆差本身并不一定有害,长期且巨额的贸易逆差可能无法持续,但美国目前并非如此。关税政策可能会损害而非帮助制造业,因为它会扰乱全球供应链并提高美国企业的投入成本。

Deep Dive

Chapters
This chapter explores Donald Trump's long-held belief in the use of tariffs to address trade deficits, highlighting his consistent stance over four decades and its influence on his presidential campaigns and actions.
  • Trump's interest in tariffs is not a recent phenomenon; he's held this view for 40 years.
  • His core beliefs include the idea that trade deficits are detrimental, other countries exploit the U.S., and tariffs are the solution.
  • These beliefs significantly shaped his first presidential campaign and term, leading to the imposition of tariffs on numerous products.

Shownotes Transcript

Whatever you think of President Trump's tariffs, there's one point you have to concede: his interest in them is not a passing whim. He noted that on Wednesday, in the Rose Garden, when he was announcing the latest, massive round of tariffs. "I've been talking about this for 40 years," he said.The use of tariffs are a core belief for Donald Trump. Trade deficits are bad, other countries take advantage of the U.S. and tariffs are the way to fix this.Since the Rose Garden announcement, markets have plunged, other countries have promised to retaliate, and members of his own party have spoken out against the tariffs.Trump's tariff plan is designed to eliminate U.S. trade deficits. Are trade deficits actually bad?For sponsor-free episodes of Consider This, sign up for Consider This+ via Apple Podcasts or at plus.npr.org).Email us at [email protected]).Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoices)NPR Privacy Policy)