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cover of episode Elon Musk and Donald Trump Aim for MARS instead of the Moon!

Elon Musk and Donald Trump Aim for MARS instead of the Moon!

2024/12/26
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Elon Musk Podcast

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主持人
专注于电动车和能源领域的播客主持人和内容创作者。
Topics
主持人:特朗普连任和马斯克加入其政府后,美国太空政策的首要任务变成了火星探索,而非阿耳忒弥斯计划中的重返月球。特朗普一直对超越月球抱有热情,认为登月任务是垫脚石,并将其描述为“无聊”的。2017年,特朗普签署行政命令重建国家太空委员会,标志着国家政策层面重新关注太空探索。特朗普的首次预算请求保留了许多奥巴马时代的太空项目,但也削减了地球科学研究,并提议取消NASA的教育办公室,表明其优先考虑地球轨道外的探索。2017年,特朗普签署太空政策指令1号,为美国主导的重返月球计划(包括火星计划)奠定了基础,但马斯克的加入促使将火星任务作为主要焦点。SpaceX的星舰火箭发射成功,并成功回收助推器,这可能是实现火星探测的突破性进展,马斯克认为星舰是殖民火星的关键。特朗普回归白宫,马斯克参与其中,星舰很可能更快地用于火星任务,特朗普政府可能会采取更积极的策略,力争在火星竞赛中领先中国。马斯克支持特朗普的竞选,因为他对政府干预和法规减缓SpaceX进展感到不满,现在他可以推动放松管制,加快SpaceX发射星舰任务,特别是雄心勃勃的火星任务。马斯克建议将SpaceX员工安排进政府关键职位,这可能改变SpaceX的命运,并可能导致NASA计划的根本性转变,转向使用星舰而非SLS火箭。星舰是两级可重复使用的运载工具,这使其具有成本效益,降低发射成本是马斯克的目标。将NASA的重点从月球转向火星是一项重大挑战,需要重新分配资源和资金,尤其考虑到阿耳忒弥斯计划已有的巨额投资,特朗普可能会加快载人火星任务的推进。马斯克预测SpaceX可能在2026年将无人星舰送上火星,2028年进行载人任务,但这极具挑战性。将人类送上火星面临巨大挑战,包括火星稀薄的大气层、宇宙辐射以及生命支持系统和栖息地的需求。将战略转向优先前往火星将带来巨大的财务影响,可能导致阿耳忒弥斯计划的资金被重新分配给SpaceX的星舰任务,这可能会精简NASA的预算,但也可能使其他科学项目缺乏资源。特朗普反复强调击败中国到达火星的重要性,这可能会引发新的太空竞赛。星舰的再入能力测试成功,证明其可以执行月球和火星任务,其巨大的有效载荷能力是其主要优势之一。星舰的有效载荷能力远大于NASA的SLS火箭,这对于火星长期任务至关重要。星舰可以运送大量的物资、设备和人员到火星,为建立火星基地提供基础设施,包括电力系统、探测车、生活物资等。SLS 停用后,SpaceX 将承担 NASA 所有前往火星的任务。

Deep Dive

Key Insights

Why is Mars now a top priority in U.S. space policy under Trump and Musk?

Mars has become a top priority due to Elon Musk's influence and Donald Trump's enthusiasm for pushing beyond the moon. Trump has historically viewed lunar missions as a stepping stone and now aims to leverage SpaceX's Starship for faster Mars missions, shifting focus from NASA's Artemis program.

What role does SpaceX's Starship play in the new Mars-focused strategy?

SpaceX's Starship is central to the Mars-focused strategy. It is a fully reusable, two-stage vehicle capable of carrying crew and cargo. Its massive payload capacity (150 metric tons to low Earth orbit) and reusability make it ideal for long-term Mars missions, including transporting habitats, scientific equipment, and life support systems.

What challenges are associated with sending humans to Mars?

Sending humans to Mars involves significant challenges, including the planet's thin atmosphere, which makes landing difficult, and exposure to dangerous levels of cosmic radiation due to the lack of a strong magnetic field. Additionally, a round-trip mission would take two to three years, requiring advanced life support systems and habitats.

How might Trump's administration accelerate Mars missions?

Trump's administration could accelerate Mars missions by prioritizing SpaceX's Starship over NASA's Space Launch System (SLS), which has faced delays and cost overruns. Musk's influence may also lead to deregulation, streamlining SpaceX's operations and securing federal contracts more efficiently.

What is the significance of Starship's payload capacity for Mars missions?

Starship's payload capacity is crucial for Mars missions as it can carry up to 150 metric tons to low Earth orbit. This allows for the transport of essential supplies, habitat modules, scientific equipment, and rovers, enabling the establishment of a sustainable base on Mars and supporting long-term exploration.

What is Elon Musk's timeline for Mars missions?

Elon Musk predicts SpaceX could land an uncrewed Starship on Mars by 2026, followed by a crewed mission in 2028. This timeline is highly ambitious, given the technical and logistical challenges of Mars exploration, including the 140-million-mile distance and the need for advanced life support systems.

How does Trump's return to the White House impact the U.S.-China space race?

Trump's return intensifies the U.S.-China space race, particularly in the race to Mars. He has framed beating China to Mars as a matter of national pride and trusts Musk to achieve this goal, potentially leading to a new era of aggressive space exploration and competition.

What financial implications could a Mars-first strategy have for NASA?

A Mars-first strategy could require reallocating significant funding from NASA's $93 billion Artemis program to support SpaceX's Starship missions. While this might streamline NASA's budget, it could also leave other scientific projects underfunded, impacting broader space exploration efforts.

Chapters
This chapter explores the shift in US space policy towards prioritizing Mars over the moon, driven by the collaboration between Donald Trump and Elon Musk. It discusses Trump's past views on lunar missions and Musk's role in accelerating Mars missions using SpaceX's Starship.
  • Trump's renewed focus on Mars after securing another term.
  • Musk's key role in this new space policy.
  • Leveraging SpaceX's Starship for faster Mars missions.
  • Trump's past criticism of lunar missions as 'boring'.
  • Musk's potential influence on deregulation to expedite SpaceX's progress.

Shownotes Transcript

Translations:
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Now that Donald Trump has secured another term and Elon Musk is joining forces with his administration, Mars has instantly become a top priority in the United States space policy. It's a huge shift from NASA's previous focus on the Artemis program, which was all about getting humans back to the moon first. With Musk now playing a key role in this, the conversation has quickly moved towards aiming directly for Mars.

Now, Trump's enthusiasm for pushing beyond the moon isn't new, though. Even during his first term, he called lunar missions a stepping stone and often described them as boring. Now, since we've already done that before, he wants to move on. Now, it looks like the plan is to leverage SpaceX's Starship to get us to Mars faster than anyone has anticipated. But back...

On June 30th, 2017, Trump signed an executive order to reestablish the National Space Council, chaired by then Vice President Mike Pence. This was a big deal because it brought focus back to space exploration at the national policy level.

And Trump's first budget request kept many of the Obama-era programs intact, though, including the commercial resupply services and the development of the Orion spacecraft for deep space missions. However, he cut back on Earth science research and proposed eliminating NASA's Education Office, signaling a shift towards prioritizing exploration beyond Earth's orbit.

Later in December of 2017, Trump signed Space Policy Directive 1, which set the stage for U.S.-led return to the moon as part of the broader plan that includes Mars. Now, this directive led to the creation of the Artemis program, which was built on legacy projects like the Orion capsule and the Lunar Gateway. But now with Elon Musk on board, there's a strong push to use this momentum for Mars missions as the main focus.

SpaceX launched their massive Starship rocket on October 13th of this year. I think it's 400 feet tall, the biggest and most powerful rocket ever.

But the wild part isn't just the launch. It's what they pulled off right after. They actually caught the entire booster with a launch tower. It's like landing a skyscraper back on its foundation. You have to wonder if they can do this. This might be the breakthrough that finally puts Mars within our reach. And Starship is Musk's favorite project. He believes it's the key to colonizing Mars. And the current idea is to use Starship for lunar missions first to prove the technology, then aim straight for Mars after that.

Now that Trump is back in the White House and Musk has a seat at the table, it's likely we'll see Starship being pushed into Mars missions even faster. Trump's administration is likely to take a more aggressive approach now, aiming to leap ahead and possibly beat countries like China in the race to Mars.

It's no surprise that Musk backed Trump's campaign. Elon's had major frustrations with government interference and regulations slowing down SpaceX's progress, especially from agencies like the Federal Aviation Administration. And now that Musk is officially part of Trump's team, he could push hard for deregulation, potentially making it easier and faster for SpaceX to launch Starship missions, particularly the big ambitious ones aimed at Mars.

Now, Musk has reportedly suggested putting some of his own top SpaceX employees in key government positions, including at the Defense Department. This could be a game changer for SpaceX, as having insiders at the federal level would help streamline decisions, secure contracts. The idea of having Musk's people in key positions goes beyond just reducing red tape, though. It could lead to a fundamental shift in NASA's plans. Right now, the Artemis program relies heavily on the Space Launch System, or the SLS, which

a massive rocket built by Boeing that has faced endless delays and cost overruns. But with Musk's influence and Starship's proven capabilities,

Trump's administration might shift focus away from the SLS and rely more on Starship and SpaceX's solutions. Now, let's dive into what makes Starship a little bit more special than everything else. It's two stages. It's a two-stage vehicle. Super heavy booster, which provides the initial thrust in the spacecraft known as the Starship, which is designed to carry crew and cargo. It's fully reusable, unlike most rockets, which are single-used.

And Musk's goal is to make space travel as common and cost effective as air travel. Because they need to get launch costs down to just a few million dollars per flight. Thanks to starships for usable design. This kind of affordability could make regular Mars missions more.

Shifting NASA's focus from the moon to Mars isn't a small challenge, though. It would require a major reallocation of resources and funding, especially given the significant investments already made in Artemis. During his first presidency, Trump pushed NASA to get results quickly. Now, with Musk helping to lead the charge, we might even see an even faster push towards manned missions to Mars.

Musk has been very vocal about his Mars timeline, predicting that SpaceX could land an uncrewed starship on Mars by 2026, followed by a crewed mission in 2028. This is incredibly ambitious, and many experts doubt whether it's achievable. Mars is roughly 140 million miles away, and a round-trip mission would take two to three years.

It's not like the moon where astronauts can return within a few weeks. You know, the challenges of sending humans to the surface of Mars are enormous. For starters, Mars has a very thin atmosphere, which makes landing spacecraft extremely difficult. There's also the issue of radiation. Without a strong magnetic field like Earth's, astronauts would be exposed to dangerous levels of cosmic radiation during the journey.

Inessa's engineers have emphasized the need for new life support systems and habitats to ensure the safety of the crew. Financially, shifting to a Mars-first strategy would be a big deal.

The Artemis program has already cost NASA around $93 billion through 2025. And if Donald Trump decides to prioritize Mars instead, much of that funding could be redirected to support SpaceX's Starship missions. This might streamline NASA's budget, but could also leave other scientific projects without the resources that they need. And with Trump back in office, the competition with China in space has become more intense.

Trump has repeatedly talked about the importance of beating China to Mars, framing it as a matter of national pride. He's even said during campaign rallies that he trusts Musk to get there before anyone else. This kind of rhetoric could lead to a new space race, with the U.S. heading hard to be the first to put boots on Mars.

Now, also let's talk about what's possible with Starship because this vehicle is a big part of the new plan. SpaceX recently completed a successful test of Starship's reentry capabilities where the spacecraft landed safely after a high altitude test flight. Musk sees this as proof that Starship can handle both lunar and Martian missions, even though we're still a long way from Mars full scale missions. Now Starship's payload capacity is huge.

And that's one of its main advantages. It can carry up to 150 metric tons to low Earth orbit in a fully reusable configuration. And for capacity, NASA's SLS can carry about 95 metric tons. I mean, Starship can carry not only astronauts, but also a massive amount of cargo, which is crucial for long-term missions to Mars. The kind of things you'd want to fit inside Starship for a Mars mission include habitat modules, scientific equipment, life support systems.

These would be essential for setting up a base on Mars. SpaceX plans to send several uncrewed starships first, loaded with supplies and gear, to create a foundation before the astronauts arrive. The ability to carry such large payloads in a single rocket launch makes Starship ideal for building the initial infrastructure needed on Mars.

An important cargo for Mars missions would be power systems like solar panels and batteries. Mars doesn't have a power grid, obviously, so you need to bring your own. Starship could carry enough solar panels to generate the electricity needed for the habitat and scientific equipment. This would be critical for sustaining life on Mars and supporting any research activities. Now, Starship can also carry specialized equipment.

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Starship can also carry specialized rovers and exploration vehicles. These rovers would help transport astronauts and equipment across the Martian surface. SpaceX could fit several of these rovers in a single launch, allowing the crew to have transportation ready as soon as they land. This would be vital for exploring the terrain and finding resources like water ice, which could be used for drinking water and even to make rocket fuel.

And Starship's cargo capacity allows for the transport of food, water, and other essential supplies to sustain the crew. Given the length of a Mars mission, likely two to three years round trip, astronauts will need a significant amount of provisions. Starship's large payload space means it can bring enough supplies to keep the crew safe and healthy for the entire duration of the mission, reducing the need for resupply missions and making it more feasible to stay on Mars longer.

If you're a fan of SpaceX, let me know down in the comments below by adding a rocket emoji if you have no comment. But if you want to talk about Mars and what Elon Musk and Donald Trump can do for the future of humanity, also let me know down in the comments. I want to know what you think about all this stuff because it's going to be a shift from where we are now, which is SpaceX doing missions for NASA. Basically, when SLS goes offline,

SpaceX will be doing all the missions to Mars for NASA. They won't have to worry about SLS. So please leave a comment down below, leave a like, and also hit the subscribe button with maximum dynamic pressure. Please take care of yourselves and each other. I'll see you in the next one.