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cover of episode Rethinking the 20th-century intellectual legacy - with David Rieff

Rethinking the 20th-century intellectual legacy - with David Rieff

2025/3/24
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Explaining Ukraine
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David Rieff
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Tetyana Ogarkova
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David Rieff: 我认为20世纪许多思想，特别是二战后的思想，如今正面临质疑，这在欧美尤为明显。例如，人们对国际体系、人权、以及对极端意识形态的批判等方面都产生了新的疑问。冷战的爆发和核武器的出现，使得二战后建立的国际体系的有效性大打折扣。尽管联合国在去殖民化方面取得了成功，但这与对极端意识形态的摒弃密切相关。纳粹主义使得诸如“血与土”等极端意识形态蒙上阴影，但去殖民化运动与人权运动的兴起，以及对纳粹罪行的审判，都体现了对这些意识形态的否定。然而，911事件以及移民问题都对这些理念造成冲击。西方社会对共产主义罪行的认识不足，这与对共产主义的“善意”假设有关，以及对共产主义与纳粹主义的双重标准。来自前苏联的知识分子对西方左翼思想的影响，促使人们开始重新审视共产主义的邪恶本质。21世纪初，20世纪后半叶的许多理想都破灭了，其中包括对多极世界的幻想，以及国际机构在维和与国际司法方面的失败，但国际贸易体系却相对稳定。美国与欧洲的关系在21世纪发生了变化，美国作家对欧洲高雅文化的兴趣在下降。“觉醒文化”对高雅文化的贬低，导致了媚俗文化的盛行，而更具活力的高雅文化可能来自东欧和亚洲。西方自由主义政治在应对21世纪的挑战方面显得力不从心，这导致了极左和极右势力的兴起。“觉醒文化”对弱势群体的关注与乌克兰语境下的去殖民化运动存在相似之处，但两者出发点不同。对高雅文化的理解与国家间的竞争与历史背景有关，后现代主义的极端化也促使人们重新审视价值观和真理。 Volodymyr Yermolenko: 在东欧，20世纪并非自由和人权的世纪，许多罪行未受惩罚，对共产主义的批判也存在不足。 Tetyana Ogarkova: 对去殖民化的理解在西方和全球南方存在差异，在东欧，二战导致了帝国主义的扩张而非衰落，因此对帝国主义的思考也与西方不同。

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Chapters
The discussion focuses on the enduring influence of 20th-century ideas, their relevance, and their impact on current global political structures and philosophies.
  • The discussion was held at PEN Ukraine space in Kyiv.
  • David Rieff is a notable American writer and journalist.
  • The book 'Thinking the 20th Century' by Timothy Snyder and Tony Judt is highlighted.
  • 20th-century ideas are surprisingly relevant despite being from a bygone era.
  • The legacy of post-Second World War ideas continues to influence current power dynamics.

Shownotes Transcript

Which 20th-century ideas should we carry with us into the 21st century? And which of them have become obsolete?

We discuss these topics during a live event with David Rieff, a prominent American writer and journalist. The discussion was held on March 1st at PEN Ukraine space in Kyiv, and was organized by UkraineWorld, PEN Ukraine and Thinking in Dark Times podcast.

Hosts: Volodymyr Yermolenko, a Ukrainian philosopher and the chief editor of UkraineWorld, the president of PEN Ukraine, and Tetyana Ogarkova, a Ukrainian literary scholar, and author of the French-language podcast L’Ukraine face a la guerre by the Ukraine Crisis Media Centre. Both are lecturers at Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, the oldest Ukrainian university.

Explaining Ukraine is a podcast by UkraineWorld, a multilingual media outlet focused on Ukraine.

UkraineWorld is run by Internews Ukraine, one of Ukraine's largest media NGOs.

You can support our work at www.patreon.com/ukraineworld. Your support is crucial as our media increasingly relies on crowdfunding.

You can also support our volunteer trips to the front-line areas, where we provide assistance to both soldiers and civilians - mainly by bringing cars for soldiers and books for civilians. You can support our trips via PayPal at [email protected].