Ep 299: Beaming Consciousness, Understanding Holograms, and Dogfooding IPv6
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We're both recording, right.

right? yes.

Guys, hello, welcome to the hacker podcast. I'm earlier .

Williams that i'm time nari.

This is epsom to ninety nine beaming consciousness, understanding holograms and dog footing I P V six this week in hagia news, I have a little teaser for you. Hack day. Europe is going to be held next year twenty twenty five, march 4 through sixteenth。 And we've gotten a venue now we're gonna be again that motion labs in berlin.

And that means now we can do a formal announcement for IT. So expect that to hit the pages of hacking day next week, tuesday probably. And included with that will be a call for proposals.

So if you want to give a talk, hi europe, march fourteen, three, sixteen in britain, germany. What oh will have the link for you to about your details? Send in your submission or you can just start brainstorming now and wait to the last .

minute 那个 the true hack。 Anyway.

it's what you're gone to do anyway. Who are we get IT, but we'd love to get them in early. I think the timing on this is tight.

It's it's december now and march is a few months away. So we're probably going to have to put a deadline of end of january on the call postals. So start thinking now a start brainstorming IT up, get drab strack ready and get IT on in. We'd love to see you there.

Yeah, next year is remarkably close right now. IT sounds like far away to twenty five but it's it's come and scream and that is very quickly.

Oh ah in the badge for hack the europe is going to be the same as the super cn badge this year, which is the S A O out on badge with the additional twist that the three winners of the S A O contest are going to have. There's manufacturer. So you're going to get three the awesome S A O S along with the badge. I'm looking forward .

to that and I am hoping that europe sees the same kind of S O embrace that super that was really cool year to see like all S A O of people brought, never was having that little kids and stuff. So I hope that Carries over to the other side of the ocean.

You know, the pre gaming is great. I love the ones that people assembled you know on the spot too, right? Like others, there's some prototype. Get the saddening, whether preloaded or done on the fly, will have a good time with the S A badge. And of course, the talks, the food, the music, the hanging out, everything that goes along with a day europe.

This is a joy. What's that sound?

So without further do, how about what's .

that sound?

What's the sound is our audio chAllenge. We play a sound probably loosely technologically related, and you try to guess what that is. This week is a guess the sound week. So i'll play the sound. Tom will give his best guess and then will encourage you to.

This is the。 Yeah, and I do immediately, unlike kind of cool memory.

that was too easy, i'm afraid. But graduations time IT was a .

while as so good hack day employees .

and their relatives are enological to win a haga podcast t shirt. But you, you dear listener, are not head on over to hack day dot com slash podcast, scroll down to whats that sound, find the form to fill out on line with your handle and your guesses of what the sound is. And next week we will rule probably a hundred side to die to see who gets a, have the forecast t shirt. What do you guess? One hundred?

Uh, yeah, I think I could be pretty. Yeah, I know one hundred, I think to be pretty. I mean, IT assumes that you're a certain age expose.

but IT was kind of also .

the most in history. D, so not really .

obscure. But yeah.

once a while.

Well, let's had off to the hacks. I wanted to start off this week with a tremendous explanatory video by three blue, one Brown holograms, the art of recording wave fronts, and does a great title. Mayer, it's totally not click, baby, like this is not the title that makes you go, oh, I wonder what's going on there.

IT is absolutely the heart of the matter, and I really like that. Holograms are freaky and magical. And this video explains IT very well in not one, not two, but kind of three different ways on an intuitive level, on a simple math level, and then on a complex, but like complex numbers, complex way, which gery ends up, of course, being simpler, because that's what complex numbers are for.

They make anything having to do with phase angles easier, but that's not the point. The point is this video discusses transmission holograms, which are you pretty much have to see this in real life. There's a bunch of great demonstrations of them in the video.

But honestly, this is one of those absolutely Better viewed in real life type experiences. But it's hard to do because transmission holograms are illuminated from the back at an angle by a laser of exactly the same color as the laser that was used to record the image on the film. And so, you know, you kind of got to get lucky to see transmission programs.

This video may be your next best bet, unless you have some old friends who make them themselves. But making them is surprisingly easy. The film used for holograms. You want to have, you know, a pretty good resolution film, basically as high as you can get.

But the rest of IT is just about figuring the laser beams in the right way so that they interfere with each other when they're hitting the front of the film surface. The video is such a good explainer. I'm nonetheless going to explain how to make a hologram, but you should really watch the video if you find anything I say in the next twenty eight seconds to be confusing.

But the holography set up, you take what you want to photograph, and you put the film kind of next to IT. You shine a laser beam, you split IT into one of the being comes at the plate of film from the side, so IT doesn't see the object. You want to hook phy at all, and the other being bounced off the object. You want a photograph and goes into the film.

The giving c is that what you want to do with the hologram is record the entire light field, because that how you get this effect, where you can move your head around and, you know, see behind things, the idea is you want to somehow, on this plate of film, capture all of the information about the light wave fronts falling off of your object. And that sounds impossible. The real trick is this object beam reference being combo.

And because it's a laser, because they're exactly the same wave link, they fear constructively and destructively with each other. And that is kind of your first clue that the film on the single plate, the single piece of glass, or be a plastic film, can record for some information about the phase of light that's hitting IT. And this is because you have the light coming off the object and then the light coming off the side through the reference beam.

And so they interfere destructively and constructively and make a funny, crazy pattern on the film that when you take away the object beam and you shine the reference beam at exactly the same angle into IT, IT creates essentially the entire way front that you would have seen if you were there when I was being photographed. And that's kind of the real supermajor about holograms and the intuition the three blue Brown hasn't. This video is that he says, imagine you have a single point of light.

What does the defra tion pattern look like that's gonna hit the film. And if you've ever seen like the like the two slight experiment, you know there are these bands of lighten dark here it's in a circle um because it's a single point and the circle fringes out and the fringes get smaller and smaller as they move away from the center. And if you then take away your point of light and shine the laser through that same pattern that's now on the film, which is actually called a zone plate, turns out to be like a lands IT defects.

The light that's coming in exactly the right way into your eyes, as if the single point of light behind IT, we're still there. And from there it's kind of not a super big jump to imagine that your image is made up of, you know, zilia points of light, all of different intensities. And the film is just collecting the super imposition of the kinds zone plates from each point. And I thought that was a fantastic explanation.

I was super happy to see that because it's IT gives you all the right intuition, including the thing that i've never understood about programs until watching this video, which is when you cut them apart, it's like you're looking through a window into the original scene and you can see a lot of and how is that possible? And what what what does the film resolution have to do with any of this? And the two of those are actually kind of intricately linked.

If you cut IT up, you still can look through into the scene, but you can only look through with your head off to a certain degree, to one side or the other. And that is limited by the film's resolution. And if you think about one of these channel patterns, one of these zone plate things, you have a big disc in the middle and then smaller and smaller fringes as you go out.

And that affects how well you can see your point off access from where IT was filmed. The fringes gets so tiny that when the in your film can't resolve them anymore, that's like the limit on how far off access you can see. So the weird thing about programs is because of this intuition, the film resolution defines the angle that you can view IT from, you know, how wide you can move your head from one side to the other.

And that's something i've never understood. And he makes orally clear in this video. So, man, programs are astounding. If you want to nerd out, out on them, this is the video for you.

definitely magic. I mean, this the kind of thing a time machine and brought to the past, they would finally burned the because there's no way, there's no way as real the part, you know, they take the plate and they they put IT in the laser cutter and they cut a little circle out of IT and then look through IT.

And it's like being able to see the original scene, but through the people is just a little but the video is a well done as an explainer. I mean, it's not it's not sure. I mean, for forty five minutes or something, you know, I take a while to cover all that sense of IT was which craft something that made gram was work.

I did come away. What would Better understanding after watching this? It's not not necessarily something i'm not use in my daily life, but at least I know how works and I feel Better about IT. And being IT will see how how IT was all done was very cool.

Some of the holograms he shows in the video are astounding. The one that's really witchcraft is one that's made looking into a microscope, and you in the hologram can get your eye into the right place, that you can look down the barrel of a microscope and see the slide that was being microscopes at the time I was made. And it's like what that is the most astounding thing i've ever seen.

But again, my is title here is recording wave fronts. You use this, the interference trick, to be able to recreate not just, you know, some of the light coming from this angle, or some of the light coming from that angle, but all of the waves that were in pinching the film at the time. And yeah, I D recreate the whole scene. It's absolutely crazy.

And they kind of point this out early in the video that that pattern is just like the ish, like jeb ish on the the play and that's kind of like, I mean, it's all its wild start to finish but like one of the the most counter two departs, I guess is that, you know, you have this plate that looks like Jesse tic, like, you know, T V, to do you old, gentle or something.

And I kind of make sense when you think of IT like that, you you're getting all of the delight in the way from at once. So that sort of like you're looking at at all the radio frequencies and not tuned into the specific one. You know that makes you look at the box in A D R thing. So you're seeing whole bunch of noise until you actually tune into specifically what you're after then at all kind of snaps into focus.

If you think about the fraction greetings actually and you know how they make those party ones where you can shine a laser into projects, a picture of a dolphin on the wall, or you know which is had or pumpkin or something, right? Like there's all these tricks. It's the same thing kind of in reverse, right? Like the fraction ratings and hot, I think the I just holograms of a weird type.

If you looked at a hologram with your naked eye and bear light, the film just looks like it's hazy film IT doesn't look like anything. IT looks like absolutely nothing. And it's only the fact that IT makes these kind of deflation grading like lenses that then project the image back at you is the truly, truly amazing part.

Other friend, he was deep into D I Y hologram, making to the point that he had an optical bench in his basement and was doing this. And I actually got the chance to see both his holography set up and look through a bunch of his transmission programs. And it's just.

At least stunning the work you can do. But then he was like, oh, and here's the film and he's just using I mean, with some kind of super high resolution black and White film. But at the end of the day, it's just black and White film and is just a absolutely mind blowing that regular old film can make these images that you know seem to encode more information than is even possible. But the way it's the way physics works really crazy hi well.

the space nerd and we want to bring this one up early, although as Jenny says, the in the post that seems were actually a couple weeks late to the news that reaction engines is now could put if your into space stuff. That name probably sounds familiar. They have been chasing this kind of unicorn hypersonic single stage to orbit spacecraft for, I mean, you you can track IT back to the eighties when I think, you know the first kind of conceptual stuff with happening.

And then, you know, IT from up into the nineties and early two thousands, the core technology was their sabor engine, which would have the short version is like a rocket engineer, a fuel and an oxidizer, because there's no oxygen in space to burn the fuel, you have to bring both. But the engine on the the sabor engine would have, in theory, made own liquid oxygen while I was flying by compressing IT is a reason that doesn't exist. Like IT was the very edge of what was possible with material science and the technology as we understand that.

And I don't think anybody, he's going to be super surprised to this. I was always on the very fringe. I mean, I may might be more surprising that I took him this long to finally, you know, give up the ghost, but I know the the U.

K. Government was propping them up for a while. IT would have been, you know, a transformative stuff. I mean, the idea would be that you could take off from a runway like a regular jet and on the way of transition into, you know, a rocket engine when you needed to.

So would have been a complete reimagining of what we think of is like in a space access. But they never really got super close to to fruition. You know they they made some progress and they we've definite covered IT a few times on on the site. I'll have to go back IT would have been great.

I would have you made to access the space even cheaper and easier, but you know, it's going to end up being there's A A huge history of what they call like paper rockets, which are, you know these these cool space systems that never got much farther than the drawing ing board. You know, easy sketch out something would work and you say things like a little, you produce liquid oxygen in real time as the fly through the air, whatever. But you actually, you know, bin metal and get that working is another story entirely. So IT looks like in this case, unfortunately for now anyway, that that particular dream is going to have to go back on the shelf for a while .

with a rocket. You you're just trying to throw mass out the back as fast as you can, right? And this one's like, well, why don't we take some of that mass from the air .

that IT has to pass through along the way? Several crates, I think about the overall, like, you know, skyline space plane they're trying to make. But the the the real magic was that the engine would have to take the air coming in at some thousands of degrees, because one you like mock, five know the the friction is substantial.

And then take that and turn them into, like super cooled liquid, almost instant ane ously. The delta from from the inlet air to what I actually needed to the burn was in its same. You know, that that was there kind of the secret sauce, if you will, and that shocker IT proved to be very difficult to pull off in the road road where next .

tag is about something that you might not even think is hard to pull off in the real world, but actually isn't. And it's something that's a useful skill to have in your third print designing tool kit. So let's talk little bit about three d printing thread replacements and this neat video by shop therapy where he walk through taking basically a random bottle off the shelf, taking the right measurements and modeling up a cap to match with that.

And there's a really cool project because what plastic bottles are everywhere, and they have know that their tremendously strong, can hold a ridiculous amount of pressure, can take all sorts of chemical abuse, like plastic bottles or superb, we should be using them for. I don't know what in our various projects. And if you need to make something with a third print, well, this is your answer.

The video is basically a looked over holder as he's doing some cat design. Making a screw cap isn't all that hard. You basically take some calipers to the bottle in question, and you know, you measure how thick the neck of IT is, that is the minor diameter. You measure how thick IT is with the screws, so that gives you the major diameter. And then you measure, you know, how high per turn, the screw threats as they go around, the thing, the pitch.

The next step is then to take some triangles, exclude them around in a curve, sweep them out around, as in like a helix on the inside of whatever is gonna be your cap and your three model, maybe round over the top of the triangles are cut him off. And he does a really nice job here of kind of also cutting off the beginning of the thread in the cap. So IT doesn't get this like plenty bit added.

It's nice to kind of trap for the leading edge of that. So IT doesn't catch when he hits the bottle. You'll feel what I mean if you try to make this and you do IT wrong, that's all there is to IT. It's really need this video kind of does double duty as an introduction to sweep Operation and how to do some parametric modeling in cat, but also how to apply that to the particular case of making screw p bottle threads.

This is great because I like probably many of us with three printings, and this is something i've run into myself trying to print threads to match an existing thing. My flying about, Randy, did that go very well. There was a lot d like test brand, and I know that didn't fit, not that didn't fit, not that info.

So you are seeing the more scientific approach is very helpful and would have been nice fight. Saw this video about six months ago when somebody had asked me they had a IT was some like things for you, like icing on cakes or whatever, like he was like the gun and they have these little screw on 拿手 that kept on breaking as i'm sure we can， many of us can relate to. S, once people hear you have a three d printer, er, they assume you can just produce anything that you could possibly want at the magic one, right? So they can.

You just make me more at these notices? He is sure, because I don't know any Better to turn down, you know, a chance to use this magical machine I have, I eventually did get there, but he took a lot of trial and air. And you know, I there's a difference of dream threads that that work and like nice feeling threads and mine were desperately in the threads that actually work category but didn't feel that great.

And you know get that initial lead on rap a deal. So IT starts is really is really the the key to cause for what I had produced. You had to have everything exactly in the right position and just enough pressure on there because if they also would jump off that first the the first part of thread.

So yeah uh definitely A A problem um that can use some proper engineering and it's it's cool to see that here. And and we've covered you know libraries for the different cat programs to help with threats and neck stuff too. So definitely something you should have in your tool kit for making stuff that needs to make up with the real world objects. I have a read story two.

just last week, my wife, I bought this tape dispenser is like a scotch tape dispenser. And the thing was just so badly designed that IT wouldn't hold on to the tape pool. The two parts would come apart.

And like, I will all just make like a thread spot like fandi thing that you can tighten down to exactly the right tightness. It'll hold that in there. It'll be brilliant. And i'm like, dude, but now I have to make threads. This could be horrible.

I was so pleasantly surprised that I opened up free cat, fired up the fascinating work bench, which guy hardly recommend, and pulled out an m ten threaded rod model, and then put a hole in the other side, and then told that to put m ten threads in IT. And that was IT. IT took me longer to google which workspace I needed to add to IT.

Then I took me to make part. And now that I know that that so easy, i'm actually going to be doing printed in threads, I don't know. Usually when I need to do three d printed things that interface with the world of threats, i'll just like I put a hole in there that's a little bit too small and then i'll just drive a screw into IT.

That's good more. And the two is .

that is good and enough to hold like hundreds of pounds. But like but if you need a part that's adjustable, and that was the point of this project, is the threads were there to make IT, easily adjustable, to make a wider, thinner depending, you know, then you need to do the design. I was like us, so maybe three cat has A A bottle cap generator that d be awesome.

And I went looking and I couldn't find find one. But then this sent me down the rabid hole of looking into bottles, neck standards. And if you have like A P T bottle.

of course IT turns .

out there's a million of them, which is horrible. Most of the drink bottles are the same, except they have different heights to them. So like some before they hit the friends, they don't make contact.

And if you haven't messed around with pop bottle tops, it's the part where the neck hits the top of the cap, where that has a little rubber silly bit. That's where that actually does the ceiling. It's like it's not like pipe threats.

The threads themselves don't hold any air is just pushing hard up against that. And some of have these flanges that are like different depth. And so like somehow not every soa bottle cap fits every soa bottle.

Why the heck? So i've thrown some links in here to some industry specifications, and these are great because they cover exactly all the same things that shop. Therapy did in his video, you know the the pitch, the minor and major diameters, how tall the set of threads is before IT runs into this full entry thing. Except that turns out there is industry standards for all of them.

So if you are confronted with a bottle, have a look at IT, pull out your coppers, but then also pull up on of these references and see if it's a standard bottle because IT probably is one of the many standards that are out there that gives you like Better information to make your calibre measures more precise. If you're like measuring IT, it's like fifteen point two and the spec as it's got to be fifteen, you know you're not measuring that amateur, right? So just like do whatever they say in this back and .

you'll get IT right. Well, speaking of uh twisted 3 prince， uh right with threads that kind of works. This was then miloni wrote us up at the insistence of many, many people in the tip line we got, I don't know, we had to just eventually turn the tips away.

So thank you for but we're writing about IT. This is a unique three d printer, has a print head with a twist. And there is a good chance you've already seen this one on youtube, but it's been making the rounds.

This is Joshua bird. He calls IT a four three printer. And you know, at first you could be forgiven for thinking that was like a regular can leaver ARM printer like, you know rua mini or know bamboo has one now. And in in fact, IT has a lot in common with that kind of classic still out on an ARM. But the the trick here is that the bed and the extra itself can rotate, and that let you do a lot of stuff and let you print at extreme angles without the need for supports.

And in that kind of thing and sort the demo in the video that that shows an office printing this, you know, tree with all these branches going out every which way in each one can we printed without sports? Because the whole thing can rotate in such a way that that they're not needed. This is certainly very unique.

So always really cool to see that. I think we talk about this before, you know, we usually think you like this at three, pretty a sort of solve the problem, right? And IT is cool to see occasions what something this comes out that would work.

And as I go, okay, so there is other ways to do IT instead of the way we've been doing all the time. I I think the most surprising part to me is that IT is relatively simple. I am simple to do to have lived here.

Obviously more on you're regular printer but nothing you know crazy space, right? And all of the core stuff here is may are the same G T, two belts and steppers. And you know there's no wild engineer parts.

It's just adding a couple of more motors and a couple of more belts. And know the real highest lifting, I would say, is in the software side, the slicer, you know to understand all different angles and the the tool pass and that sort of thing. But in terms of actually building the hardware that is surprisingly straight forward, I wonder, you know, this is a kind thing that you could probably put together with. If you have two three d printing ers, you can probably take on both apart and make one of these, if that makes sense. You know there's nothing in there that's that's so i'll let field is just more of what we're used to than your standard I three or core X Y machine .

like the path planning for this is absolutely insane and its worth noting that josue also has uh G O generator for this machine out there. This isn't just, hey, look, i've made a robot with a crazy geometry is also and here I am trying to do the path planning for IT. So like, this is really, really, really cool.

I I will say that this and similar tricks, this kind of printing at an angle we've seen these before, are fairly recently in the last like four years, all throw two links in the shower notes to four d printers that use a rotational access so that they're not just always turning straight down, which is gives you the problem with overhangs. But if you print, you know, from the side, so you're kind of sticking the plastic to the next layer plastic from the side. So the pressure is pushing IT up instead of always pushing IT down.

That's kind of what solves a lot of the overhanging problem. And that's what josh a is able to do here. But this is like that even more so because although the four access machines we've seen before are always printing, they're not printing straight down.

They're printing IT like forty five degrees down. And this one can actually print up or down or straight across. And that means you can apply the force to the plastic to keep IT from sagging itself.

So IT doesn't need support. IT can do IT in any direction. And I think that is the really super clever idea behind this machine. And what makes IT really work rounding up for me, alex, hey, dox. A month without I before is like a month without this was an attempt of Alice to dog food.

The idea of I P V six, and if you don't know, I P V force, the kind of old internet addressing protocol that were all used to, is the know one nine two, that one, six, eight, zero, one kind of I P addresses. Ipv has got so many more digits, IT makes my head spin. And the idea there is that with a larger dress space, everything can kind of be directly accessible.

And you don't need any of these network address. Look up tables that you have to with I P before because, well, there's just more computers than there are I P addresses out there, right? So how do you tell if the technologies is ready to go right now?

The answer is you throw away all of your I P V four stuff, and you tried to run entirely on ipv sick. So what he does is he just disables the v four stuff on his home routers and sees what happens. And the answer is, of course, everything breaks.

And he split up. Everything breaks into three big categories. There's day one, day two, and then days three, three, thirty, which kind of is a good summer of how much work he had to put into making this work.

Like in the beginning, just everything was broken. Nothing was set up to run out of the box. You had to quickly work around that. Well, some of the things we're just totally not surprising then intendo switch, for instance, is hard coded with IP v for and good luck getting IT to work with IP v he also tries to get a steam deck to work on this, which is a linux computer and IT actually has native I P V six.

That should be fine, but to establish whether IT has a network connection, IT uses an ipv for ping to like ping a server to see if it's connected. And when you shut down I P V four in your network doesn't get through and you can't be playing video games, he found a lot of external websites aren't using I P V six yet. Not include wow, get hub, read IT, discord and steam he mentions plus also the router management interfaces for his home routers. All sorts of things were not set up for working with I P V six. His eventual solution in this country day too, is to set up at sixty four, which is a look up it's basically a look up table between ipv four addresses and I P V six addresses.

That's how we solves the problem is, is this cheating to use an external service that gives you I P V four addresses when you hit IT without P V six addresses? I am not a hundred percent sure if he actually stuck to his initial plan or not, but he points out that he can can figure his entire network to try for I P V six address first, and then if this fails, move over to this not sixty four solution to find the old school ipv for address and use that that I think is a really need solution in the end, because IT lets him run everything inside his home network right now, all straight I P V six, and just shut down all the I P V four stuff internally. But still access to the rest of the world, which is still running on before, by hitting these external servers that do the DNS sixty four and at sixty four four.

And of course, as the rest of the world moves over to six, no, he won't fail when he tries to address the initial. I won't need to go through this, not sixty four. Look out. So he's got himself a workable system now that will eventually smoothly transition to an I P V six world when and or if we ever there.

So I I think that's actually really cool and and that's the sense in which he does manage to survive without ipv for even though in the back of IT, all he's using in the six to four translator basically, which is is IT cheating or is a clever forward compatibility, i'm still torn about this one. Like I said, his point is there's no faster way to learn the downsides of a new technology than simply just doing IT. That's the spirit of this experiment. And uh, as far as I goes, he pulled off.

You know, I appreciate that people are there and willing to to dog fitness and and see the reality. But you know, this is not a new technology.

That's kind of the two I know the hole right, like you know, at now says and there ninety eight I think they introduced I P V six you know yeah, if he was going to happen on the internet side of things, you know there are ipv sx and that side of IT is sort of different, I think, than the home network, right? I I think it's a real hard sell for I P V six on the home network. And i'm not saying it's never gonna happen, but it's hard for me to imagine that would happen already.

I think honestly, like the fact that you know like you could buy he says like the intendo switch, which is you going to store right now, buy IT and IT doesn't know how to do I P V six on the network kind of shows how little interest there really is in the industry to make this a thing is one thing to have I P V six on on the internet side and have your router figure that out. But I just I don't know how you got to get the average person to do that on their home network. It's already hard enough to tell him like, okay, you know one night, two, one sixty eight, one one, you know set up your router.

Imagine trying to explain that too with I P V six address. You know, it's just a very tall order and. I think it's kind of telling you that even in our community where we have far more free time, then then good sense for a lot of the stuff that even most of us aren't do an I P internally, you know um IT just doesn't offer anything other than like geek creed points really.

But that's the ironies that I think where IT offers the most is in your home network because you the idea is that there are so many I P addresses out there, you can just pick a random one and nobody will be able to find your device like, say, this is your internet connected toaster in your home, right?

Nobody is is going to be able to find the I P V six address of your internet toaster because guessing IT out of the brazilians of addresses out there will be actually impossible. It's kind of like bitcoin in that sense, right? Like if you could guess some boy's account number, you'd have their money.

But the dress space is so big, you'll never guess one. This is the same thing with I P. V six. And this means you can leave your internet toaster connected to the real internet. It's not like stuck in your home so you can remotely toast bread because you know your I P V six address because of the irony is that is exactly home devices and making home devices accessible from outside the home that I V six would be best for, right? Because like now, everything is hidden behind your rule.

You can get to your anything inside your home network from outside because of because you can, because there are enough p addresses out there and because it's behind this firewall, that stuff, this would get rid of that. And I would like completely level the playing field. And we'd d be back to the old days of the internet, where every computer had its number and they were all equal peers in the global network of devices. And I I love that part of the dream, but i'm totally with you that no consumer hardware cares about this part of the dream.

Yeah if if that sounds like a good thing too that your your toaster is internet accessible, then yes, I I can see the the appeal. But personally, and i'm sure i'm not alone, especially in this crowd like I I have a good idea in my head, you know what the I P addresses are for, promote everything on the network, right?

I have like I have a few routers, uh, you know, I have the security cameras, you know and I can keep track of that because they're all you beauty simple numbers. But to try to do that and i'm sure there's someone out there who who has some demonic or whatever because it's easily do and know, I guess maybe we'll get there at some point, but I just seems IT seems so horrifically unfriendly to the human mind that is just hard to suggest CT us up to that. But you're right.

I mean, if if if we are imagining where everything is on the internet, then yeah you need that kind of address space. But uh, I don't know. I I think we ve got too many things on here. And as IT is the fact that we that were potentially running out of my be addressed alone shows, we have two many things on the internet.

So no, i'm totally mixed that I P V six personally. But okay, so I don't want my toaster online, but I do want my coffee machine online because I really want to turn my coffee machine on so it's warm by the time I get home. So can make a them as rusal when i'm driving on my way home, right? And of course, it's on a switch and it's inside our network here.

But because there aren't enough I P addresses out there, IT can't be on d the big internet and so I can't reach that's obama. I would love to be able to turn on my coffee machine remotely. This is a red hiring, of course, because I.

I have, I have a pie .

that is a gateway. And you know, you can get into IT with a password. Not this.

But but like all of that intermediates that would be blown away, and I think that IT does offer kind of a theoretical simplicity. But then I love your point. There's no way you'll be able to remember all of the I P addresses in your subnet.

And yeah well, there you go, right? Like that's because there are hundred and twenty eight bits instead of thirty two or whatever, right? Like they're just so many more numbers there that you'll never remember.

Just see, you can make some toast from anywhere in the world. For my last one, this is actually what I wrote up from this very fascinating. This is a cracking up to detail in a flight similar from nineteen to so.

First, while the game in in question is called stunt island, which is a PC flight similar from nine two that was made by disney, which is, i'd never heard of IT. There was a period where disney was making PC games before they decide to focus on their own IP, because if you can make, make a mouths games, so I would just make big mouse games. What this came comes from before that, when they were a more general PC developer, and they made fights, simulators.

And this one in particular is kind of cool, because if a flight simulation that assumes you are like a stunt pilot in hollywood, so IT has you do stunt things, and, you know, like a campaign where you move through increasingly difficult stuff, chase cars down the roads. So imagine like you're making movies, right? And he has like this this following that I was totally unaware before, see this article.

So it's going to call to hear about this whole community that is still playing this game and and um like building stuff and but anyway the the hacking question is from h Alberto monedo who like the game and wanted to see if there was anyway to push IT a little farther. Um modern hardware is a far cry from what this thing was designed run on in nineteen two. And if you get the game to understand that and use more resources, the resources therefore IT right.

Um so you know the game had a detail slider in there where you could crank up the the cocky stuff stays the same. But if you would change, they have much details on the ground in terms of buildings and trees and roads and stuff like that. And you could max IT out and IT still looks like, you know, from one hundred and ninety two.

But Alberta wondered if there were some way to go beyond what that maximum was. And um IT ends up being a really cool example of debugging and reverse engineering within the confines of older software, you know in something that's running inside a dos box because to a degree, you can use the Normal tools that we associates with this kind because it's running on this little sandbox environment. But IT turns out that dos box actually has like built in debugging functions, which I I was not previously aware of.

And you can set like break points in that kind of thing. And you know IT, we're using a mix of das box zone debugging stuff and just x editing. Um Albert is able to like set break points and figure out when the game reads the the detail variable from configuration file and like follows that through the game logic all the way to where it's actually implemented in the rendering of the game.

And he finds out that you know it's it's a value that is capt at one hundred percent, right? So you could put IT in one hundred percent and that's the most you get out. Uh but on the other side of the equation, like the way the game takes that value and applies that, there was more wiggle room.

So he was able to effectively take what was kept at one hundred percent and multiple that and he found that, you know you could max out and the game would just be so paralyzed with with math that he couldn't couldn't work anymore. You can even run. So he he died a back, and he eventually finds that he can run the game.

And what's effectively eight hundred percent, the origin detail level and still haven't be pretty fluid and can fly around. And you know, even at eight hundred percent of the original surface detail, it's still know it's a flight similar from ninety two, right? So there's way more blocky buildings, but there's still very blocky buildings in the trees are just kind like Brown lumps, uh, but IT hates Better than than the largely flat plain that you are flying around and before so I didn't reinvent the game.

It's not like you apply this patch, some fork remastered this old again. But I was I was good to see how yeah how you worked through you know every time we cover when these reverse engineering things, I always think it's it's school. Just to see the way people reason through is a puzzle in a way, right? You know you have these little clues that you get from from the debug and from you disassembling the game. And you have to see, you know, part of its luck, part of its intuition, a little bit of experimental and it's just even if you never played this game and you have no intention of of crack cking up the the ground detail in this particular nitch piece of software, it's just really fascine to follow along and see how he solves that. And this undoubted some tip or trick there that you could probably using when your own puzzles that you're struggling with actually .

really like the super low Polly version of IT. You could run at the other way too, right? You could run IT with even less detail.

Yeah, he does. He he figured out you can go to zero and I would just be the super yes, super. That almost looks more like when I check in nine these flight. So yeah, right.

But IT also, it's really cool. It's it's got a certain it's got a certain low polytheistic IT kind of .

like you flying through cyber space, something just like polygon right? Ah you know mountains in the distance but nothing else.

How is battles on more futuristic than microsoft lights? military? My first quick act this week comes from peg R, K. It's the gas scared upgrade keeps vw restoration classy. This is the smooth bus gage for his one nine hundred and seventy eight walks, wagon and bus.

If I told you that the V, W capture ack of how much gas had with a float that's pivoting on a potentiometer, how would you say that the gage works to display this in the cockpit? The answer is IT passes a current through this thing that heats up a coil that then moves a bimetallist rip that wiggles the not needle on the gage. Well, when this fails on you, you can replace IT the modern way, which is to just realized that the float sensor is on a pot.

Read the voltage job of IT and eighty tiny, a little tiny survey, and, uh, you're finished. But the smooth bus is exactly that in a sweet package that makes a drop in replacement for your old V W. bus.

Next quick cap is branch exercise wheel tracker. Confirmed suspicions about cats. This is Hillary ous. It's what you get if you have a cat exercise wheel and kind of a mind tour data, collect action. He has an asp thirty two.

He puts magnets on the wheels, read them with halifax centres and sends all the data after the cloud. What's fun about this is how he does the logging and the graph ing and kind of all the back ends software. The conclusion is not particularly surprising.

His cat likes to run last up. And these machines rolling your own balls crews, I love. And these machining videos. This one is not reasonable.

You would never make your own balls crew nuts if you could buy them cheap, which you can, but it's definitely educational. IT shows you what's going on on the inside. And he modifies the design to make the balls roll with fewer points of contact and less friction.

And still maintain that tight backlash. Free emotion you're looking for really need look into a central mechanism in machine design. Thanks for that one, andy.

My first quick hack is saving a samsung G T V from the dreaded boot loop. And I think this is really interesting. Uh repair hack. Uh I started off with A T V found on the curb um taking at home and and go through the u all suspects em was unable to find any obvious physical problem, right? Had power, had everything go well.

IT just kept on turn itself off after a couple seconds after going through all the obvious eventually got to the the world nuts involved of IT and saw there is A A four mega S P, I flash chip on the board, dumped that and was able to figure out that the the firm where was corrupt. And so there was nothing physically wrong with the T V. I just when I try to load the software, IT crashed you.

That's a modern T V. For you. Um the solution ended up being that um they were to a pya scrip that just brute forced every bit on the chip until the C.

R. C. matched. And in that way, I was here to get the T, V, the boot again, which is pretty wild.

I actually really like this one, because I actually had run into this problem myself, my brothers. A, T, V. Somehow the firm were got corrupted, and he was able to buy a new flash ship with the firm.

We're on IT. One day he was ahead. You can, you switch this? You switch this little, you know, APP chip out for me.

So this party is an underground network of people dealing in T, V. Firm war chips in k. You don't want brute force in the future. Next step is open source hardware. Battery tester aims to help tame with him cells.

This is A A very nice a third edition of this open battery charger that is really geared towards people who want to have seven cells from other things and repurpose them for you recycling. This one focuses on the eighteen and six fifty cell, which is in everything is in your laptops. It's in our board in electric cars.

It's pride. Most common litham ion battery out there. But to reuse IT safely, you know, you need to be able to test IT and h, see what capacity is and what is in the internal resistances and all these little figures.

So this is A A sort of an all in one device where you could twenty six, fifty, and there it'll charge IT up, make sure networks, then discharge IT, tell you what the calculate active is and then in the process you can also tell you roughly its overall health based on you know the resistance across the terminals and that sort of thing. Yeah there are you can buy these obviously. Um there the couple companies that make these sort of charger analysis or what have you, but it's always called to see a open hardware version of, well, anything, Frankly.

So anytime we can take A A tool that's available out there and create our own version that we can control and see how works on the inside, I think is always a win for the community. And the perfect follow up for that one is this next tech, the automatic battery charger. Never you.

This is also a customer battery charger that does one cell at a time. But IT has the added bonus of a three printed mechanism in the top that will pop out the charge sale and reload IT with an empty one automatically. So even though it's already able to charge one sale at the time, we can work its way through a stack of dead battery. So I think of these two, these two hackers need to compare some notes, come up with the ultimate in the open hardware tragic technology.

Oh my god. The thing is so slick IT does IT test the polarity of the battery, and IT test to see if the battery voltage is right that it's rechargeable.

我 最好。

Well, that brings us to our camp mst articles. These are long forever pieces written by our fantastic have the writing staff. And I wanted to pick up lin days.

The london underground is too hot, but it's not an easy fix. And this is really great because it's an interesting problem that easy to understand and it's, I think, nearly impossible to figure out the right solution. But it's so tempting to think about IT.

And the problem in question is that the london underground well is really old. IT was built in the eighteen later eighteen hundreds. And back then, IT didn't have nearly as many trains or nearly as many people in IT as IT does now.

So the tube is built underground. Back then, IT was cool, and they didn't think I needed any sort of way to shed the heat. But since the load in the system has increased and increase, its producing enough heat in the tunnels and with no kind of active way to shut, this heat is just getting harder.

And I think what's the need about this is, this is like the city of london scale version of a problem we all have with our electronic devices, which is the things producing heat. How do we shed this heat and keep IT from overheating? But is that problem written super large? And look in details what a lot of the sources of these heat are.

And of course, some of IT is just the entropy from trains breaking. So the breaks alone are about thirty eight percent of the he generated right now. Twenty two percent of IT is mechanical sources.

Sixteen percent is the engines. Surprisingly, seven percent of the heat generated in the london subway is from people. Because if you've seen the matrix, you know, we generate heat. Actually, the coolest source of heat is that a lot of the trains run above ground.

And in the summer, the trains get hot, especially on their roof when they're baked in the sun, and then they drive underground and transfer the heat down there IT all ends up with just too much heat energy in the tunnels and no way to get rid of IT. And you might think, well, will just air condition the trains, but that makes the problem even worse because you're using a system, it's not one hundred percent efficient to make a cool inside the trains. But is shutting the heat into the tunnels and the tunnels being too hot is the problem.

In case you're wondering, some of this is really serious, like they were getting temperatures up to thirty five sea in some places. I think the record is now forty seven degrees see, which is like hundred and ten, hundred and twenty, and is probably not a dry heat in the london underground either. Like these are getting to be dangerous temperatures.

So something needs to be done. And the second part of loans right up discusses an attempt of the transport of london engineers and the city to offer a hundred thousand pound bounty for anyone who could solve this heat problem. And I think that's a fantastic idea.

They got about thirty five hundred proposals and none of them were the combination of novel or possible, and they didn't award the prize in the end. And so that means this is a really interesting, really kind of fundamental problem like how to shed heat from the tubes under nief london. But it's also one that's not really solved yet on a on a city size. It's a really cool bit of reporting on an actual world problem. But if you know, even if you don't live in london, is going to make you think.

well, I like, 没有， i like IT. I find, I find IT interesting that kind by the end of the article, there is no solution like .

low income .

says at the end, like there's ideas and they're trying stuff. And there's um there's kind of new panel cooling system where they are like run and cold water through panels and blow air across them, you know and the they are playing with that. But like everything just seems to be kind of like incremental improvements and none of them are the the magic bullet, really.

They need to solve this thing and maybe doesn't exist, right? Like you could just be one of those things that there is no one solution for, especially with like you were say you they're still trying to get their heads around the scale the problem make. Apparently realized the recently that the the trains run in in the outside were importing more heat into the system than they thought.

They they thought they had one problem, but that was actually bigger than they thought because more he was being brought in from external sources yeah, this kind of not great. You know IT does talk about, obviously, like you said, like air condition, partly that all the trends are recognition, but you know seems crazy to me. But then I suppose the average temperature, what i'm thinking, you know subways and trains here in, you know the northeast U.

S. If they were in organism, be particularly unpleasant. But I guess the average temperatures are usually cooler in in europe.

So it's not that big of a deal. But they're starting to introduce air condition trains now. But they said some of those won't even be online for like another twenty years, which seems wild.

But then like like that that's just pushing the problem down one right. Like all that you have the trains air condition, so it'll be more control for the people. But the air condition trains are just to be put more heat into the environment, so it's not really solving the problem. So I don't know that's pretty wild to to think about um if nobody took the hundred thousand pound down a year, I guess I guess that really is a much tRicky your problem that you would think on the surface.

It's crazy. I'd love that it's an unsolved problem. I do not love.

I don't if you remember, tom, when we were there for the unconference, when we had one train right, that was particularly hot and we actually took a train ride on a really old train line that felt like you were IT was like you were in a minor mining exhibit from the child west or this corner downs like little rat hole. IT was outstanding. But IT was was one of the first train lines.

The line is hundred and some old, hundred and thirty years old, right? Like the trains used to be smaller. Backman.

now for my pic, I don't know that I ever actually articulated this before, but I I do these different articles. I usually try to pick the more practical ones. I just that kind of wear.

My mindset is like, you know, is fantastic articles on how to use litham ion batteries and that kind of stuff. But once in a while, I I am so in emerged with our more fringy content that I have. I have, after all.

And this time IT is a brief history of teleportation by our will. No, there is, there is no. The end of this article is not talk about any kind of practical teleportation.

This is all just how it's been shown in in fiction and the evolution of of media portrayal of this. Perhaps the most fantastic I maybe like I guess, pride tied for like in light travel in terms of you know the fantastic stuff that we see on on sipi. What I thought was really fast, though, with this one.

And what kind of made me pick is that I really, really wants the clock back on this one and gives you a lot more thought. And then I I shouted, say, that would expect I expect all he was to give everything a lot of thought. But you know, he he draws the line in the sand very early on between like magical transportation.

And I guess you'd called like the hard side, right? So he's like, I think that's like just magic is out the window. I forget about that. We not going to talk about that.

We wanna talk about, you know, one of the media examples of like a machine transport you right? And that was kind, I thought, an interesting distinction to to start out with right? Like to established the ground rules and then kind of work from there out points out. The first example I, yes, he was able to find is, uh, the man was everybody. And a short story from eighteen seventy seven, which you know what was shockingly old to me.

I think we say transport, I think most start tric right like this kind of that put the idea into the mindset um and and I i'd to say that that kind of like the defect of a transport is a startup but run burden IT come up with the idea necessarily. There had been book Rogers and stuff they had talked about somewhere kind of things before that. So to find out that you know, in the eighteen hundred they were talking about, I suppose, is not super surprising.

But I didn't realize that was that early, you know? And you can kind of see where, like in this particular story, it's about a scientist who was looking at transmit himself via telegraph. So I kind of follow soon as the telegraph became a real thing. I know, I know with the next steps will send ourselves across the telegraph. And you I mention that this one like the telegraph, the machine screws up and is like halfway transported and is a little bit like to fly, which is also mentioned this in this article.

Um so I guess an example of how I say like there's no there's no original stories out there, even eighteen thirty seven they were talking about you know transport accidents that were leading to reshaping people and stuff um and then you know how talks about another one from eighteen ninety seven where they were transported to Venus through you mechanisms. And they are just interesting to see these different like moee stones. And as communication improved, telegraphs and phone lines.

And there always seem to be a new version of of transportation that went along with, you know, the state of the of communication. So is like this idea of that were always like one step away from setting ourselves through the communication lines, goes back way rather than I I realized he does talk about how to talk about the end, a little about the realities. Reality is strong word, but got the physics like, what would you actually take to to do teleportation and you don't hold your breath.

You know IT is IT is so far away from a you know our current understanding and talk about just just the the mine bug numbers alone, even if you say, okay, you have let's say we have the technology and and the infinite energy to the power. You know, just the amount of date that would take to to store a person ignoring the engineering china is actually have, you know take that and reconstructed into a living organism and all that, just the the data requirements are proposed and then know IT makes some good points like, you know, if you're going to have to handle the displaced air where you try to reconstruct someone in in in the the destination. So it's just a really cool thought.

Peace in reading. I was reminded that know all actually. Written like fiction among his other lifetime of achievements and experiences yeah one point he is like, uh as I as I tackled my shirt story and likes after one of these things he's written and they were just really good to I always called a gg. Glimpse into the life of our S.

I love some of these troops like that. Like you said, the first one where they they start off by sending a cat over the telegraph like just the idea. So protesters, but like you say, if that was the cutting, edgy technology at the time, right, like the telegraph was the, was the thing that could do anything back, that and I could IT could let you communicate instantly, immeasurable distances. How is that possible? You know, it's not inconceivable that you could send a cat.

right? And if you went from a world in which, you know there was no communication, yeah electronic and all the sun, you you can tap a thing here and somebody on other side of globe, but gets IT you like ninety percent to send in the cat. I like that last ten present can be that difficult. We ve got many percent, you know, like what you seem like, that the comments .

write up made for T, V movie in which aliens gave humanity teleportation technology and was training someone to use IT. IT worked by scanning the person and rebuilding them remotely during one of the things, they couldn't reach the remote station so they couldn't tell if they had copied this woman. So they let her go until they could, you know, reach the receiving station to figure out if they needed to recent her, or if the sending did work and they needed to murder her.

Yeah.

which is the dark side of like the the star track teleported like how what happens to the people on this side. And you know if you unless you're actually sending the matter across some now there's no reason for the this side person to disappear, right? And then is that what how do the ethics on that works? You know what if you could copy a person without destroying the original?

Indeed, that go too far down the star trek nerd hole. There's been a few episodes where the transport has copied someone because it's screwed up like you know OK IT glitches out midway and then made two of the same person. So the fact that happened kind of incentive ates that that is the Normal order of events except the what the the origin person gets started, right? It's not moving the matter from a to b. IT is replicating IT on the other side, you know so IT kind of this point to the fact that like when everything works Normally, yeah you're basically being destroyed at the transmission and being returned on the receiving side.

you killing spot that not cool all. Yeah, like you said that I was back of the envelope calculations. Here are, you know, infinite energy, infinite information. You, ten to the thirty first bites of data he estimates, you know, so good, good luck transporting, you know, that amount of data in any reasonable time to some place far away. But like time travel, right? It's one of those things where IT opens up so many crazy plot devices that you know you have to play with IT.

I'll have very rigid rules. Begin of what wasn't was not teleportation, but IT is brought up in the comments like there is altered carbon which you know series of books in the network of version um in that they your consciousness is transmitted and put into either like a robot or another body like based the technology move consciousness digitally but not the physical aspect of IT and they also don't they also don't have fast and like travel, so like to go any real distance.

They send your consciousness like, so if you wanted to go to another star, whatever, they would digitally send your conscious ness as a signal. And then when he got there, they would put that into whatever you you like, that a robot or whatever and that is, I suppose, much closer to practical, you know but is it's so wildly far, but you know I mean, at least there's not the of the movement of matter, right? Like if you if you assume that our conscious ness can be digitized and they're certainly no people working towards that end out there, you could send that, you could send that. You know, you could send a digital version of yourself as they have something to put.

And I suppose I think you've just said the twenty twenty four version of sending the cat over the .

television here with there were ninety percent .

there with storage medium these days is so cheap, you know, you can just buy a couple hard drives.

I, my terrible tes, do you think consciousness could be that black friday just had some like four terrible drives and say also.

well, that wrapped up up for this week's hacker podcast. Thanks very much for listening. If you want to follow the links, head on over to hack day dot come flash podcast and if you see anything call or do anything core, let us know. Send an email to tips at hack day dot com and until next week.

keep born hacking.

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I have no idea how to make this change, that transition.

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go one further field, make tools out. iron. What are you going to make .

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our total object.

Is these teachers and their funny names canadian kers even worse? Guess on how does does not what the title is？ Well, that brings .

us to our campus hacks. The well that brings us to our camps. Articles will see if I cut that out to avoid offending londoners.

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let's IT to stop and right?