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Jonathan Glover on Systems of Belief

2024/2/10
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Jonathan Glover
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Nigel Warburton
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Jonathan Glover 认为哲学家应该关注不同个体和社会存在的不同信仰体系及其冲突,并尝试寻找解决这些冲突的方法。他指出,哲学长期以来关注信仰的合理性和真伪,但在实际冲突中作用有限。他认为,哲学对公共领域的影响主要来自政治哲学和伦理学,而非认识论。他主张哲学家应该深入研究人们形成信仰的方式,区分合理与不合理的信仰。他以医学案例说明人们的信仰体系是整体性的,当预测失败时,人们可以选择放弃信仰体系的不同部分,而非简单的证伪。他认为信仰体系的整体性允许人们捍卫任何他们喜欢的信仰,并以 Philip Gosse 和英国共产党为例说明人们如何为了维护核心信仰而扭曲其他信仰,甚至歪曲事实。他认为人们倾向于将信仰视为整体世界观的一部分,并在面对困难证据时选择性地调整信仰,并固守核心信仰。他认为人们应该意识到自身信仰体系的偶然性,并通过哲学反思来质疑和重建信仰。他比较了笛卡尔和纽拉特的重建信仰体系的方法,认为纽拉特的“重建船只”比喻更贴切地描述了重建信仰体系的过程。他认为科学证据可以帮助重建信仰体系,但其自身也存在循环论证的风险。他指出许多剧烈的冲突源于人们持有不可修改的核心信仰。他主张哲学对话可以帮助人们更好地理解彼此的信仰,并揭示潜在的认识论差异,降低人们对自身信仰的信心,促进更深刻的理解。他认为即使是科学主义者也难以完全自圆其说,哲学可以培养人们的谦逊。他认为哲学对话有助于增进理解和尊重,即使达不成共识。 Nigel Warburton 则从不同信仰体系导致世界冲突这一现实问题出发,提出人们需要寻找信仰正确与否的共识。

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Podcast: Philosophy Bites) (LS 64 · TOP 0.05% what is this?))Episode: Jonathan Glover on Systems of Belief)Pub date: 2011-10-09[Get Podcast Transcript →](https://www.listen411.com/?audio_url=https://audio.listennotes.com/e/p/64687760761e49b9a8b4f9ddfeee105f/&notes=Jonathan Glover on Systems of Belief))powered by Listen411) - fast audio-to-text and summarization Beliefs are important. Wars are fought over conflicting belief systems. Philosophers ask 'What is it reasonable to believe?' Can philosophers, then, give us any insights into what is going on when belief systems clash? Jonathan Glover) discusses this issue with Nigel Warburton) in this episode of the Philosophy Bites) podcast. Philosophy Bites is made in association with the Institute of Philosophy) The podcast and artwork embedded on this page are from Edmonds and Warburton, which is the property of its owner and not affiliated with or endorsed by Listen Notes, Inc.