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cover of episode Dr. Matthew MacDougall: Neuralink & Technologies to Enhance Human Brains

Dr. Matthew MacDougall: Neuralink & Technologies to Enhance Human Brains

2023/4/17
logo of podcast Huberman Lab

Huberman Lab

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A
Andrew Huberman
是一位专注于神经科学、学习和健康的斯坦福大学教授和播客主持人。
M
Matthew MacDougall
Topics
Andrew Huberman: Neuralink的目标是克服大脑和神经系统的特定临床挑战,并改进大脑设计,例如增强记忆、认知和人机之间的交流。他们通过结合现有的大脑功能知识(来自神经科学和神经外科领域)、机器人技术、机器学习、计算机科学以及新型设备的开发来实现其目标。神经外科医生对大脑的理解与众不同,他们能够在脑内进行探测、切割、刺激和设置,并监测人们的认知、行为和言语如何随着大脑结构和功能的变化而变化。 Matthew MacDougall: 大脑是功能模块的集合,这些模块通过电脉冲产生人类行为和生命。大脑的任何部分或全部都可能出现功能障碍,导致各种功能受损,从激素水平控制到视觉、感觉和肌肉运动。现代神经外科技术,例如激光消融术,可以更精确地去除脑肿瘤,减少对周围脑组织的损伤。前额叶皮层就像大脑的过滤器,选择性地抑制来自大脑其他部分的冲动,从而控制行为。睡眠剥夺会对整个大脑产生广泛的影响,包括视觉、运动协调能力等方面。与药物相比,机器并非增加神经可塑性的明显答案,药物对神经可塑性有更广泛的影响。Neuralink的首要目标是为脊髓损伤患者开发神经植入物,使他们能够控制计算机。他们使用机器人技术进行手术,因为其精度更高,能够更精确地放置微小的电极。近期目标是减轻人类痛苦,特别是解决运动控制问题。大脑深层区域的功能比大脑外层区域更具规律性,损伤或刺激这些区域会导致更可预测的结果。目前Neuralink专注于通过电刺激解码大脑信号,未来可能会结合药物和刺激。他愿意将电极植入自己的运动皮层,以推进Neuralink的技术发展。他认为,随着技术的进步,脑机接口最终可以实现更快速、更自然的思维交流,甚至可以让人类直接控制外部设备,例如通过意念打字。他还谈到了植入式RFID芯片的应用,以及其在日常生活中的一些功能,例如开锁和数据存储。他认为,人体具有强大的体温调节机制,可以有效地散热,因此不必过度担心蓝牙耳机产生的热量对大脑的影响。Neuralink的首要目标是让四肢瘫痪患者能够控制外部设备,而不是直接重新连接他们自身的肢体。最终目标是重新连接大脑和身体。他们使用猪进行研究,主要是因为猪的颅骨大小和形状与人类相似,适合用于测试设备的安全性。长期大量饮酒会导致大脑萎缩,这是最常见的自愿性脑损伤原因之一。大脑的可塑性与物种、年龄和大脑区域的功能分化程度有关。汽车可以利用简单的传感器来检测驾驶员的警觉性,从而提高驾驶安全。脑机接口的未来应用包括克服大脑功能障碍(如成瘾和抑郁症)和增强人类认知能力。

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Shownotes Transcript

In this episode, my guest is Matthew MacDougall, MD, the head neurosurgeon at Neuralink. Dr. MacDougall trained at the University of California, San Diego and Stanford University School of Medicine and is a world expert in brain stimulation, repair and augmentation. He explains Neuralink’s mission and projects to develop and use neural implant technologies and robotics to 1) restore normal movement to paralyzed patients and those with neurodegeneration-based movement disorders (e.g., Parkinson’s, Huntington’s Disease) and to repair malfunctions of deep brain circuitry (e.g., those involved in addiction). He also discusses Neuralink’s efforts to create novel brain-machine interfaces (BMI) that enhance human learning, cognition and communication as a means to accelerate human progress. Dr. MacDougall also explains other uses of bio-integrated machines in daily life; for instance, he implanted himself with a radio chip into his hand that allows him to open specific doors, collect and store data and communicate with machines and other objects in unique ways. Listeners will learn about brain health and function through the lens of neurosurgery, neurotechnology, clinical medicine and Neuralink’s bold and unique mission. Anyone interested in how the brain works and can be made to work better ought to derive value from this discussion.

For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com).

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Timestamps

(00:00:00) Dr. Matthew MacDougall

(00:04:22) Sponsors: LMNT & Waking Up

(00:07:38) Brain Function & Injury; Brain Tumor Treatment

(00:13:52) Frontal Lobe Filter; Sleep Deprivation

(00:19:00) Neuroplasticity, Pharmacology & Machines

(00:22:10) Neuralink, Neural Implants & Injury, Robotics & Surgery

(00:27:52) Sponsor: AG1

(00:32:20) Neocortex vs. Deep Brain

(00:36:45) Decoding Brain Signals

(00:42:08) “Confidence Test” & Electrical Stimulation; RFID Implants

(00:51:33) Bluetooth Headphones & Electromagnetic Fields; Heat

(00:57:43) Brain Augmentation & Paralysis

(01:02:09) Brain Implants & Peripheral Devices

(01:12:44) Brain Machine Interface (BMI), Neurofeedback; Video Games

(01:22:13) Improving Animal Experimentation, Pigs

(01:33:18) Skull & Injury, Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

(01:39:14) Brain Health, Alcohol

(01:43:34) Neuroplasticity, Brain Lesions & Redundancy

(01:47:32) Car Accidents & Driver Alertness

(01:50:00) Future Possibilities in Brain Augmentation & BMI; Neuralink

(01:58:56) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Momentous, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter

Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac)

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