cover of episode Localized and Metastatic Prostate Cancer

Localized and Metastatic Prostate Cancer

2025/3/10
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JAMA Clinical Reviews

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Bruce Montgomery: 前列腺癌是美国最常见的实体瘤,也是全球最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。虽然发病率很高,但并非所有患者都面临生命危险,许多患者的疾病进展缓慢,甚至无需治疗。影响前列腺癌风险的因素包括遗传因素(约50%的遗传成分)、种族(黑人男性风险更高)、年龄(年龄越大风险越高)。 关于前列腺癌筛查,目前建议采用共享决策模式,权衡PSA筛查的利弊。70岁以上男性通常不建议进行常规筛查;50-69岁男性应考虑每年或每2-4年进行一次筛查;黑人男性由于风险更高,建议更早开始筛查(约40岁)。数字直肠检查并非筛查的标准部分。 大多数前列腺癌患者早期无症状,只有当肿瘤体积增大时才会出现尿路症状,如尿流缓慢、排尿费力等。这些症状并不特异性。 前列腺癌的风险分层基于Gleason评分(反映肿瘤分化程度)、PSA水平、临床分期和患者预期寿命。低风险患者可采用积极监测;中度风险患者可能选择积极监测或根治性治疗(放疗或手术);高风险患者需要积极治疗。治疗方案的选择还需考虑患者的年龄、合并症和对长期毒性的耐受程度。 局限性前列腺癌的有效治疗方法包括手术和放疗,选择哪种方法取决于患者的具体情况。 转移性前列腺癌的一线治疗是雄激素剥夺疗法,通常联合其他药物以提高疗效和延长生存期。大多数转移性前列腺癌患者需要终身接受激素治疗。 不同分期前列腺癌的预后差异很大。低级别局限性前列腺癌的5年生存率接近100%;而转移性前列腺癌的5年生存率约为40%,但近年来由于新药的应用,中位生存期已显著延长。 总而言之,应避免对前列腺癌进行过度概括,需个体化治疗,因为即使是转移性前列腺癌患者,在有效的治疗下也能获得显著的生存期延长和生活质量改善。 Karen Lasser: 主要负责引导访谈,并对Bruce Montgomery的观点进行总结和确认。

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Prostate cancer is the most common solid tumor in the United States, affecting about 300,000 men annually. Risk factors include genetics (approximately 50% inherited component), race (Black men have a higher risk), and age (risk increases significantly with age). Many men are diagnosed with prostate cancer that doesn't impact their lifespan.
  • Prostate cancer is the most common solid tumor in the US and worldwide.
  • Approximately 50% of prostate cancer risk is inherited.
  • Black men have a higher risk of developing and dying from prostate cancer.
  • Risk increases significantly with age.

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Prostate cancer is the most common nonskin cancer in men in the US and the second most common cancer in men worldwide. Author R. Bruce Montgomery, MD, of the University of Washington joins JAMA Senior Editor Karen Lasser, MD, MPH, to discuss the current evidence regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of localized and metastatic prostate cancer. Related Content:

  • Prostate Cancer)