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cover of episode #395 — Intellectual Authority and Its Discontents

#395 — Intellectual Authority and Its Discontents

2024/12/11
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Making Sense with Sam Harris

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Sam Harris 认为,当前公众对机构信任的下降以及阴谋论的盛行,与知识权威的性质和人们对它的依赖方式密切相关。他批判了仅仅依靠权威来论证观点的做法,并强调了区分拒绝权威论证与拒绝权威本身价值的区别。他认为,在大多数情况下,依靠经过正规训练的专家提供的知识是合理的,尽管这可能会出错,但完全不依赖权威则会产生更多错误。他以自己独特的订阅模式为例,说明了如何避免广告商的压力,从而能够更自由、更诚实地表达观点。他还批判了某些播客主持人为了迎合听众偏见而牺牲观点独立性的做法,并指出,他的核心听众群体是那些重视观点形成过程而非观点本身的人。他进一步分析了特朗普和埃隆·马斯克对社会造成的负面影响,认为他们利用算法放大的错误信息和阴谋论,破坏了公共对话的完整性,并对重要的机构造成了损害。他认为,区分可信的专家和不可信的专家至关重要,并举例说明了罗伯特·肯尼迪小肯尼迪在疫苗问题上的错误观点以及特朗普在“非常优秀的人都在双方”事件中的谎言。他强调,即使是那些看起来完美的专家,也可能由于某些原因而变得偏执或疯狂。他呼吁人们能够批判性地思考,并重视知识的获取过程和来源,而不是盲目地相信权威或反对权威。

Deep Dive

Key Insights

Why did Sam Harris combine his podcast and Substack newsletter?

To provide a unified platform for his content in audio, video, and print formats, making it easier for subscribers to access everything with one subscription and reducing the need to create content for separate audiences.

How does Sam Harris' subscription model differ from traditional ad-based models?

Harris avoids ads and audience metrics, allowing him to speak freely without worrying about sponsors or audience capture. This model gives him the freedom to change his mind and explore controversial topics without being constrained by brand concerns or audience biases.

What does Sam Harris say about the nature of intellectual authority?

Harris argues that while we shouldn't argue from authority, we often rely on it as a shortcut to understanding complex truths. Real experts, especially those in specialized fields, provide the best approximation of knowledge, even if their authority can sometimes be flawed or corrupted by bad incentives.

Why does Sam Harris criticize RFK Jr. and his role in health policy?

Harris describes RFK Jr. as a crackpot and conspiracy theorist with no intellectual reputation to maintain. Unlike established scientists like Fauci and Collins, RFK Jr. can spread misinformation without facing consequences, making him unfit for positions of authority in health policy.

What does Sam Harris think about Elon Musk's role in spreading misinformation?

Harris views Musk as one of the biggest arsonists in the current misinformation crisis, despite being a talented entrepreneur. Musk's promotion of conspiracy theories and lies on social media, combined with his refusal to correct or apologize for his errors, has severely damaged the integrity of public discourse.

How does Sam Harris explain the rise of conspiracy thinking on the right?

Harris attributes the rise of conspiracy thinking on the right to a breakdown in trust in institutions and a tendency to see malevolent competence rather than ignorance or incompetence. This has led to widespread contempt for institutions, fueled by a cultural death spiral and the politicization of scientific failures during the COVID-19 pandemic.

What does Sam Harris say about the 'very fine people on both sides' controversy?

Harris debunks the claim that Trump praised neo-Nazis and white supremacists, arguing that the statement was taken out of context. He criticizes the left for spreading this misinformation to score political points without regard for intellectual integrity.

Why does Sam Harris believe that bad incentives are a problem in society?

Harris argues that bad incentives, such as those that reward dishonesty or bias, can corrupt individuals and institutions. He uses the example of Middle Eastern Studies departments in U.S. universities, which have been influenced by funding from countries like Qatar, leading to biased and inaccurate scholarship.

Chapters
Sam Harris announces the merger of his podcast and Substack newsletter for improved user experience and efficiency. He highlights the benefits of a unified subscription model, emphasizing the freedom it provides him to discuss controversial topics honestly without the constraints of advertising or audience metrics.
  • Merger of Making Sense podcast and Substack newsletter.
  • Unified subscription model for audio, video, and print content.
  • Freedom from advertising and audience metrics constraints.

Shownotes Transcript

Sam Harris discusses the breakdown of trust in institutions, the nature of intellectual authority, the danger of bad incentives, the epidemic of conspiracy thinking and misinformation, Trump and Elon, and other topics. If the Making Sense podcast logo in your player is BLACK, you can SUBSCRIBE to gain access to all full-length episodes at samharris.org/subscribe).

Learning how to train your mind is the single greatest investment you can make in life. That’s why Sam Harris created the Waking Up) app. From rational mindfulness practice to lessons on some of life’s most important topics, join Sam as he demystifies the practice of meditation and explores the theory behind it.