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cover of episode If your heart stops, this smartwatch-AI can call for help

If your heart stops, this smartwatch-AI can call for help

2025/2/26
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Nature Podcast

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J
Jake Sunshine
N
Nick Petrichow
S
Sharmini Bundel
Topics
Benjamin Thompson和Nick Petrichow:我们讨论了利用AI通过智能手表检测心脏骤停的技术,以及其他科学研究进展。这项技术旨在快速检测危及生命的疾病并自动呼叫紧急服务,因为在心脏骤停的治疗中,每一秒钟都至关重要。 许多人佩戴智能手表,这些手表可以检测脉搏。脉搏的突然消失是心脏骤停的关键标志,因此研究人员想知道是否可以利用这种可穿戴技术来发出求救信号。然而,挑战在于确保手表仅在发生心脏骤停时才呼叫帮助,以避免不必要的紧急服务呼叫。 Jake Sunshine:我们开发了一种机器学习算法,可以检测致命的心脏骤停事件。该算法利用植入心脏除颤器患者的数据进行训练,并通过模拟心脏骤停来验证其准确性。这项研究的挑战在于心脏骤停事件的罕见性和其危及生命的性质。我们与心脏病专家和患者合作,在他们进行例行检查时,让他们佩戴手表,以捕捉心脏骤停时的脉搏变化。虽然模拟与实际情况存在差异,但它捕捉到了心脏骤停患者通常会出现的潜在心律。为了最小化误报,我们使用了大量负面数据,并进行了前瞻性验证研究。我们的算法在心脏骤停模拟中检测到约67%的阳性结果,并且具有可行的特异性,不会压垮911系统。平均而言,用户每21年可能会出现一次错误呼叫。这项研究的目的是展示这项技术在消费级可穿戴设备上的可行性,我们希望随着这项技术的发展,它能为这些在无人知晓的情况下发生时死亡率很高的事件提供一种新的安全保障方式。 Sharmini Bundel:一项研究表明,低剂量的黄热病疫苗可能足以提供持久的免疫力,这对于疫苗短缺的情况非常有帮助。另一项研究发现,一个来自加拿大早石炭纪的伞状树木化石表明,早期的森林比之前认为的更加复杂。 Nick Petrichow:微软开发了一种新的AI工具,可以帮助创建电子游戏世界。这个生成式AI工具类似于ChatGPT,它可以根据游戏中的画面或玩家的输入生成后续场景。虽然这个工具目前仅适用于特定的游戏,但它展示了AI在游戏开发中的潜力。此外,一项研究表明,狗在看到其他狗眨眼时会更多地眨眼,这表明眨眼可能是狗之间的一种非语言交流方式。

Deep Dive

Chapters
This chapter discusses the development of an AI-powered smartwatch algorithm capable of detecting cardiac arrests and automatically contacting emergency services. The algorithm's training, challenges, accuracy, and potential impact on saving lives are explored, along with the importance of minimizing false positives.
  • AI-powered smartwatch algorithm detects cardiac arrest
  • Algorithm trained using data from patients with implanted cardiac defibrillators
  • 67% sensitivity in detecting cardiac arrests in a simulation
  • Optimized to minimize false positives and avoid overwhelming emergency services

Shownotes Transcript

00:47 A ‘smart’ way to quickly detect cardiac arrest

Google researchers have developed an AI for a smartwatch that will call for help if its wearer is having a cardiac arrest. Trained, in part, on data gained when patients had their hearts deliberately stopped during a medical procedure, the team’s machine learning algorithm can automatically detect the telltale signs of cardiac arrest. The team think this system could save lives, although more testing is required. "Our hope is that as these capabilities expand it provides a new way to keep people safer,” says Jake Sunshine, one of the researchers behind the study.

Research Article: Shah et al.)

09:15 Research Highlights

Evidence that a low dose of yellow fever vaccine might be enough to provide lasting immunity, and the odd umbrella-shaped tree fossil that suggests that early plants may have been more complex than previously thought.

Research Article: Kimathi et al.)

Research Article: Gastaldo et al.)

11:10 Briefing Chat

Microsoft’s new AI that helps create video game ‘worlds’, and why dogs blink more when other dogs do the same.

Nature: Microsoft builds AI that creates ‘impressive’ video-game worlds)

Science: Dogs, like people, may use blinking to bond)

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