Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and reduced blood flow in the placenta, causing 15% of maternal deaths and 25% of fetal deaths worldwide. Current treatments only manage symptoms, not the underlying causes.
The therapy involves delivering mRNA for a blood-vessel growth factor (VEGF) into the placenta using lipid nanoparticles, stimulating the production of extra blood vessels and reducing high blood pressure associated with preeclampsia.
Lipid nanoparticles were chosen because they can accumulate in the placenta, delivering mRNA to cells like trophoblasts and endothelial cells, which are crucial for blood vessel formation and function.
Most lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) tend to accumulate in the liver, so the team had to screen a library of 100 LNPs to find one that delivered mRNA more effectively to the placenta than to the liver.
The therapy reduced hypertension almost instantaneously and maintained lower blood pressure through the end of gestation, leading to healthier fetuses with improved nutrient and oxygen transport.
Future research will involve testing in animals with placentas closer to humans, such as guinea pigs, and determining the optimal dosing regimen for longer human pregnancies.
GPCRs are a large family of cell surface receptors that control various cellular processes, including sensing light, fighting pathogens, and secreting hormones. They are crucial for cells to respond appropriately to their environment.
The team added a molecular component that blocked GPCR activity but could be removed in response to specific signals, allowing them to activate these receptors on command and control cell behavior.
The platform can control a wide range of cell behaviors, including gene expression, secretion of molecules like cytokines, and even neuronal activity, opening up possibilities for new therapeutics.
Google's achievement shows that quantum computers can become more accurate as they scale up, a goal researchers have been striving for decades. This could bring quantum computing closer to practical applications.
Error correction in quantum computing involves spreading the quantum information across multiple qubits in a redundant way, allowing detection and correction of errors without spoiling the quantum state.
Google improved the quality of all components in their quantum computer, ensuring that each step contributed to reducing errors. This systematic improvement allowed error correction to work effectively as the system scaled up.
Researchers have shown in mice experiments that an mRNA-based therapy can reverse the underlying causes of pre-eclampsia, a deadly complication of pregnancy for which treatment options are limited. Inspired by the success of mRNA vaccines, the team behind the work designed a method to deliver the genomic instructions for a blood-vessel growth factor directly into mouse placentas. This stimulated the production of extra blood vessels reducing the very high-blood pressure associated with the condition. Pre-eclampsia causes 15% of maternal deaths and 25% of foetal and newborn deaths worldwide and although the work is early and human trials will be required, the team hope that this work demonstrates the potential of using this approach to treat pre-eclampsia.
*Research Article: *Swingle et al.)
Stacks of, mass-produced bowls suggest that people founded, but then abandoned an ancient Mesopotamian civilization, and analysis of Venus’s gases suggests that the planet was always dry.
*Research Highlight: *Ancient stacks of dishes tell tale of society’s dissolution)
*Research Highlight: *Has Venus ever had an ocean? Its volcanoes hint at an answer)
A team of scientists have created cellular switches on the surface of cells, allowing them to control their behaviour. Creating these switches has been a long-term goal for synthetic biologists — especially a group of proteins called G-protein-coupled receptors that already control many cellular processes. However, engineering these proteins has been challenging, as modifications can ruin their function. Instead, the team added another molecular component that blocked the receptors activity, but could be removed in response to specific signals. This allowed the researchers to activate these receptors on command, potentially opening up a myriad of new ways to control cell behaviour, such as controlling when neurons fire.
*Research Article: *Kalogriopoulos et al.)
A team at Google has shown it is possible to create a quantum computer that becomes more accurate as it scales up, a goal researchers have been trying to achieve for decades. Quantum computing could potentially open up applications beyond the capabilities of classical computers, but these systems are error-prone, making it difficult to scale them up without introducing errors into calculations. The team showed that by increasing the quality of all the components in a quantum computer they could create a system with fewer errors, and that this trend of improvement continued as the system became larger. This breakthrough could mean that quantum computers are getting very close to realising the useful applications that their proponents have long promised.
Nature:* ‘A truly remarkable breakthrough’: Google’s new quantum chip achieves accuracy milestone*)
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