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cover of episode Richard Rorty, "What Can We Hope For?: Essays on Politics" (Princeton UP, 2023)

Richard Rorty, "What Can We Hope For?: Essays on Politics" (Princeton UP, 2023)

2025/2/8
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New Books in Critical Theory

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Chris Voparil: 我认为Rorty在2016年美国总统大选期间因其对强人政治的预测而受到关注。他预言了全球化带来的反弹,导致了强人式领导人的崛起和文化上的右倾。这种右倾趋势会阻碍在性别、种族、民族和性取向方面取得的进步。我认为20世纪90年代的左派知识分子过于激进和理论化,脱离了日常选举政治。Rorty认为左派脱离了具体的民主改革努力,并忽视了经济不平等,转而关注文化和身份认同。他预测,忽视经济问题最终会导致左派受到困扰,并导致像唐纳德·特朗普这样的强人崛起。Rorty预言,未受过高等教育的选民会对精英阶层产生反感,并转而支持能够代表他们利益的强人。他认为,过去40年黑人和棕色人种、同性恋者取得的成就将被抹去,对女性的轻蔑会卷土重来。Rorty认为,全球化对美国中部白人蓝领工人的影响被忽视了,而强人领导人会声称代表他们的利益。他认为,左派更关注种族、性别和性取向,而忽视了工人阶级。 Chris Voparil: 我认为Rorty提倡回归老左派政治,即关注工会、立法和福利国家,强调经济而非文化。应该关注能够解决不平等和不安全感的政治项目,而不是哲学原则。建立道德共同体的关键在于愿意帮助有需要的人,而不是共享价值观。Rorty倾向于将不公正和不平等简化为自私和施虐,但他认为减少残忍和欺凌可以解决身份政治问题。分析很重要,但更重要的是如何激励人们采取行动,这符合实用主义的理念。对国家和社区的情感联系是促使人们采取行动帮助他人的关键。Rorty区分了哲学(大写P)和哲学(小写p),前者追求真理和知识,后者则致力于解决实际问题。仅仅拥有真理或事实并不能拯救我们,重要的是要激励人们采取行动并建立联系。可以在没有哲学原则的情况下就具体项目达成一致,从而促进行动。我认为在后真相时代,人们不再以事实为基础,而是以情感和政治立场为基础来相信事实。Rorty认为,社区关系先于知识,要解决后真相问题,必须修复社区关系。只有修复公民之间的伦理关系,才能就事实达成一致,进行富有成效的理性讨论。

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Today I talked to Chris Voparil about What Can We Hope For?: Essays on Politics) (Princeton UP, 2023), a book of Richard Rorty's writings he co-edited with W. P. Malecki.

Richard Rorty, one of the most influential intellectuals of recent decades, is perhaps best known today as the philosopher who, almost two decades before the 2016 U.S. presidential election, warned of the rise of a Trumpian strongman in America. What Can We Hope For? Essays on Politics) (Princeton University Press, 2023) gathers nineteen of Rorty’s essays on American and global politics, including four previously unpublished and many lesser-known and hard-to-find pieces. In these provocative and compelling essays, Rorty confronts the critical challenges democracies face at home and abroad, including populism, growing economic inequality, and overpopulation and environmental devastation. In response, he offers optimistic and realistic ideas about how to address these crises. He outlines strategies for fostering social hope and building an inclusive global community of trust, and urges us to put our faith in trade unions, universities, bottom-up social campaigns, and bold political visions that thwart ideological pieties. Driven by Rorty’s sense of emergency about our collective future, What Can We Hope For? is filled with striking diagnoses of today’s political crises and creative proposals for solving them.

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