Deep Dive
Shownotes Transcript
大家好,我是 Jenny,那今天我们攀机 Jenny 告诉你呢,要请大家出去吃饭。Hey everyone, I'm Jason, and that's right, on today's episode, we are taking you out to eat.但画饼充饥了,就是跟大家聊一聊怎么看懂英语菜单。Yes, that's right, we're gonna help you understand English language menus and talk about how to confidently order your food in English.
是的,其实我们常常在留言专区就收到大家这样的一些建议说看一个英语的菜单上面各种各样的东西比如说不同的大类,有什么前菜,有主菜,名字我都搞不懂那我们就先从一个非常常见英语菜的那些大类开始说
That's right.And this category is almost always the very first section in the menu.So you open up the menu and right away you see this section for appetizers.
对,中文就很形象嘛,开胃菜,先来一点开开胃。对,that's right,from your appetite,right?It gets your appetite going for the meal.对,所以这个英文词也是啊,那前菜,对吧,appetizer,开胃菜,它就是来自于英文的那个胃口,名词 appetite。Yeah,that's right,and when you eat an appetizer,the idea is that it's small,it's not gonna fill you up,but it's gonna get you ready for the main course.
对那其实除了 appetizers 你可能也会在一些 menu 上面看到另外一个叫法另外一个名称那就是开头菜是吧 yes starter
对就更形象然后另外一个我注意到就是一些比较 casual 的比较轻松的那些饭店啊他都会称开胃菜为什么小碟小口 small bites small platesyeah exactlysometimes instead of appetizer this big fancy word rightthey'll just call them small platessmall dishes
对 也是很好懂然后我还看过 sharing plates 它也是算钱菜了但是就如果你几个人一起这种 sharing plates 就比较大但是这个里面的食物不会让你很饱因为后面你还要吃主菜对 就是最 main 的最主要的就是最 main 的最主要的
对,什么牛排啦,这些都属于主菜里面的啊。好,那讲到这个 course,因为我们讲一道菜两道菜就是用这个量词,是吗?对,你可以有一个一、二、三个 course 的食物,对吗?这就意味着你会有这些阶段的食物进来。
对,然后还有那种很 fancy 的就高级餐馆啊,fine dining restaurants,就八道菜,十二道菜。Eight course,eight course meal, twelve course meal。It's like a two hour experience.Oh, at least,但当然它每一个,就每一道,every course is like quite small,but when you have eight or twelve,就是加起来就很饱。
对,对,对,但是我们今天讲的是比较普遍的餐厅,你不会有那些,那你就是主项里面自己选你要什么,那除了主项,它还能简称就是 main,或者你可以说你会有什么为主项,作为主项。
对对没错然后呢另外一个你可能看到的也是主菜的意思但它是一个法语词嗯
Entree 那它的拼法是 entree 第一个 e 上面还有个像我们的第二声拼音那样的 But the pronunciation is EntreeIt's not entry 不像那个 inter 的吧 EntreeIt's EntreeYeah if you read this with just American English pronunciationit would sound totally to entryyou wouldn't know how to say itIt's a French word that we also use in Englishand it keeps that French spelling
对你就把它想象成在树上像我们中国菜被蚂蚁上树嘛也算一个主题对 It's not treeIt's on trayYeah trayLike 一个盘子是吧 On a trayYeah on the trayMaybe that's what it comes from in FrenchI don't know
然后呢,现在也有一些饭店就我刚刚说的,他会把这些东西,刚刚那个前菜叫什么 small bites,small plates,相应的,他们也会用 large bites or large plates 来形容他们的 main course,他们的 entree。That's right, and of course in this context, saying plate, you're not going to eat the plate,large plate of food, right, is what it means.
看完了前菜主菜大类我觉得稍微可以说一下的就是 what you will find under these things 然后特别我想讲讲像 pasta and pizza 这种西式面食它是一个大类 yeah you're gonna find pasta and pizza on almost every single typical restaurant in the US at least for sure
对对然后这个 pasta 我觉得我们得另外做一集节目因为它不同的意面的类型它到底是什么细面长面还是那种短的管子面啊或者什么圈圈的 all those names are italian rightyeah and they sound similar and even us native speakers don't necessarily know them allyou really gotta be into food or cooking to memorize these
Yeah, maybe we would do a whole show on pasta,不同的名字,它到底是什么形状。But let's move on. 那当然另外一个很重要的就是各种各样的肉类。We have meats, right? 嗯,我们有肉,对吗?
所以 meat 大家都知道是肉,but actually this is a accountable noun,是可属的那当你有不同种类的,比如牛肉鸡肉猪肉羊肉 restaurant 上面你可能 menu 它就会写 meats,复数那牛排也是我们常常接到大家问题的,不同的这个部位然后几分熟应该怎么讲,等一下我们会告诉大家
好那当然还有海鲜 Seafood 不过近年来呢在很多的西方餐厅你都会看到它专门有一个板块就是素的 That's rightVegetarian foodSo food with no meat
不光是素食 vegetarian 现在还有很多是更彻底是吧叫 vegan 就是没有任何的动物制品比如说它里面不会有黄油对吧因为 it comes from cows 或者另外一个也是 vegan 的意思就是根植植物的对
对,所以很多的 menu 上面它都会写 plant-based,就是这个意思。好,那当然这个饭做一个很完美的结束打结就有点甜点。对,我们不是经常说有两个胃吗?哎呀,我吃饱了,但是我还有一个胃,another stomach saved for desserts。
That's right, always have room for dessert, that's right.Yeah, yeah,那 dessert 是很重要的,就是它的拼法和沙漠 desert 很像,但是呢它有两个 s 不是一个,然后发音也不一样。That's right, instead of desert, which is dry and perhaps painful, we have dessert, which is of course delicious and feels great.
Exactly 好那很多 restaurants 呢它还会有一些这个当天或者当季的一些比较特别的菜式 or specials 它可能有好几个
对这里呢这个 special 就当成一个名词来使用了因为有一些饭店的 special 是当季的或者他今天或者就很想主推的然后呢有一些地方的 special 他就是比较便宜 like they both promote itbut the main reason islike they're doing some discounts on these specials
对,经常餐厅会有特别的食物在你走进去,那就是那天或那周。而且那些食物是你不能找到的。所以它会有特别的原因。也许是季节的,或者是厨师真的喜欢做的东西。所以他们创建了特别的食物,然后他们将它放在推广中。
你是不是经常会点 special 的人 I like toof course it has to be somethingI want to eatbut usually the special meansright that the chefis interested in making the dishwhich gives me more confidencethat it's going to be really good 聪明好那还有一个 S 打头的词这个基本上你不点也行它就是一些小配菜 ah yesside dishessomething you get on the sidenot your main dishbut a side dish
对,它是作为煮菜的搭配,对吧?比如说就是什么 mushroom or spinach,而且量非常的少,就旁边你点了什么肉 as your main,and that will give you a very small amount of spinach or salted mushroom or something.Yeah, it's usually not something prepared as its own dish, right?It's just a single ingredient on the side.
对,they're also called sides 好,那还有一些 restaurant 有 sets 对吧,套餐特别是 lunch set,五式套餐好,那最后我们想看的两大类啊 category,你在 menu 上会看到的一个是你可以随便点然后另外一个呢就像我前面说的一些很高级的很贵的那种西餐厅对吧,它就是一个我觉得它是 super fancy sets 对吧
So they don't even call it a setThey call it a tasting menuYes, very fancy feeling already 就是一个品味菜单然后就像我说的可能是什么五道六道八道对吧我真的还看过有那种十二道的很高级的那种米其林三星法餐这样的 Definitely the kind of meal that takes a lot of patience then, right?
And money 呀好那这个叫 tasting menu 然后刚刚说的这个单点英语要怎么表达呢 Once again we have this French word we use in Englishand it's à la carte
阿拉卡尔意思就是 You just order what you want.Yeah, I'm not sure if this is what it comes from, but I think of dim sum and off the cart, à la carte.I imagine someone rolling up with a cart, and you're choosing what you want to order yourself, rather than relying on the chef or the restaurant.
Yeah,这很好,你这个很形象,希望能帮助大家记住这个词啊。好,那接下来呢,我们节目的后半部分,这个重头戏来了。So, the beef of today's show,英语说这个重头戏主角可以用这个 the meat, the beef of the,是吧?That's right, yeah, and it's actually meat.And beef, steak, we're talking about 牛排。
我们之前的主播 Adam 他是 vegetarian 所以他就不吃牛排好那关于 steak 呢第一个想说的是这个词的发音 steakbut it's not steaknot stick 就是好像是 ake 那样的是吧
Yeah, the spelling here doesn't help you at all.You just need to know that the pronunciation is steak.Yeah, steak.好,那一个牛排馆呢就是一个 steakhouse 啊。但即使你不是去一个专门的牛排馆,很多餐厅就稍微正式一点的都会有牛排。那讲到牛肉呢,牛排很重要的就是它是牛身上哪个部位的。那英语你们是用 cuts 来表达是吧?
对,对,对,切的意思就是在牛肉身上的肉从哪里切的呢?对,真的很形象啊。好,那讲到这个不同的切呢,我们说说几个最常见的啊,比如说肉眼。啊,对,肋骨。
我觉得这个也很形象啊 rib 就是那个肉排嘛肋排对吧就是眼睛然后呢 so the rib eye would beI think a very balanced cut 因为它是肥瘦相间然后呢这个就是又有点嚼劲但因为没有肥嘛所以它也够嫩 so it's both got a good bitebut it's also tender
对,rib eye,然后通常它都比较大一块,就不像那个菲力,对吧,菲力小牛排通常就很小,然后还比那个 rib eye 还更贵。
Yeah, this one you think of fancy steak when you think of it, right?And it's another word from French, we have two words here.Once again, the spelling is not helping you at all, so you just need to know the pronunciation is filet mignon.OK,所以我们说的这个菲力就是一个从发音来的,filet,然后 mignon,拼法是 m-i-g-n-o-n,不是 mignon,是 filet mignon。That's right, yeah, one of these sneaky French words.
对 然后因为它是小里脊嘛所以这个算是 the most tender 就最嫩的然后也比较小所以很多其实女生比较适合点这个 but if you are a big meat eater 你可能就喜欢下面的这个西冷牛排 yes the sirloin cut
所以其实我觉得这些也挺容易记得,因为我们中文呢,要么就是把它的意思翻译过来,要么就是把它的 transliteration,按照发音我们用中文的词,比如 sirloin,就是西冷。好,那接下来这个更简单,踢鼓。
T-bone 就是 the letter 字母 T 然后加上骨头 bone 而且 T 骨也很形象因为这块牛排当中就有一个 bone 一根骨头长得像 T 那个形状是吧 Yeah I like how now we have a sneaky English letter in the Chinese word but it makes total sense because it's almost like a Chinese character right it represents the shape of the T-bone cut
对对然后我觉得踢蹦还挺好的 it's basically two steaks in one 因为它这个踢鼓的一边是那个 filet mignon 就比较嫩的然后另外一边就是 striploin 就跟 sirloin 也差不多就比较有嚼劲你这个 best of both worlds 合二为一 Jenny I did not know thatyou know more about steak cuts than I do
我儿子我老大特别爱研究牛排对接下来的这个也很形象啊就是 the way it looks 看起来像一个斧头一个斧头 or a tomahawktomahawk 战斧牛排啊这个我觉得现在国内很多牛排馆也很多 because it looks very impressiveyeah you feel kind of like a cavemaneating a big dinosaur steak or something
对很有气势的就是那个一块牛排然后它旁边是连着这个肋骨而且它是比较长长的 You know the presentation is greatYeah it looks like what you're eatingYou definitely know you're eating a steak off of a cowwhen you're eating a tomahawk steak 对然后很适合拍照发小红书是吧哇 丈夫牛排 Hold it up to your faceIt's as big as my head
其实讲到这个牛肉讲到牛排日本牛肉都很好嘛然后也很贵所以这个我们也教教大家和牛日本牛肉英语怎么说对 wagyu 就是和牛对吧对
Yeah, these cows are definitely living the life, I think.享受人生,不能讲人生,享受牛生,是吧?对,maybe it ends in them becoming a steak, but it's still, you know, pretty good life until then.是,好,那当然牛排另外一个重要的就是几成熟,几分熟。Yeah, we call this how well would you like your steak cooked, or how would you like your steak cooked.
Or dumb, right?How would you like your steak dumb?Yeah, you might even see this word doneness to describe this amount of cooked you're doing to the steak.
对对对熟的程度就是 if something is done 那就是全弄好了就全熟了那我们就从那个最深的最不熟的往下看那最重要的几个词大家要知道的第一个我觉得很少有人点就是这种一两分熟的
对因为这个 rare 就是我们知道可能它一个意思是罕见的它另外一个意思就是 rarely 就是基本上没有 so rare 然后你还会看到一个 blue 因为它是有点反光会蓝蓝的 which doesn't seem very safe to me 那我们就 move on to 另外一个三分熟
所以这里我们看到这个词 medium 就中间嘛对吧因为如果你要你的牛排是正好中间的五分熟我们就说 medium 那如果要七分呢 OK 所以就变成 well 了对吧全数是 well done
That's right. Totally cooked through is well done. It's not very good, probably, but you can order it that way.Yeah, I think a well done steak is not very well done.因为 well done 英语还有一个说法是漂亮,是吧?做得好。Yeah, then it might not be very tender, right? It gets kind of hard. It's just harder to eat.
对对对就是经常说牛排嚼不动啊可能那个牛肉本身也不好还有一个可能就是太过熟了 but really it depends on the individuallike my in-laws 我公公婆婆他们年纪比较大所以他们很吃不惯那种就是带血的拉伸的就我公公每一次都 well down 然后我儿子们就说不可以这样 grandpayeah yeah 十分
好,那我们今天节目的最后呢,Jason,how about we share some common questions you can ask your waiter about your food,or some requests you can make?Alright, so one of the most common things you could ask is what's in this dish, if you want to ask about the ingredients being used or how it's prepared.
对对对,而且 totally you shouldn't be embarrassed or shy about asking this question,就是以前英语不太好的时候啊,就不敢问,然后经常点了个东西,最后一上来,啊,我点的是这个啊,but now I'm totally confident, because sometimes you can't, yeah, there's probably French words, or depending on the restaurant, Italian or Spanish,你就是不知道它是什么。
对对 so what's in this dish 这里面有什么东西然后还有一个呢你可以说这个是什么烹调方式是比如煎的还是烤的还是炸的对吧对对
OK 我要怎么问比如说这个能不能弄得辣一点或者不要弄得很辣啊 你可以问做菜会否辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣辣
好,how about this one?就是比如你点沙拉,对吧,salad,这个时候那个你想要沙拉酱放在旁边,不要先拌进去。啊,very useful one, you can ask,can I have the sauce or can I have the dressing on the side?OK,所以这个 something on the side 就是放在旁边。
Yeah, this just means don't put it directly on the food, put it in a small container, and I'll put it on myself.How about totally 你就不要放?比如像我,我是非常不喜欢吃什么洋葱啊,大蒜啊这种东西,所以我经常就很烦,就跟人家说能不能不要放葱蒜。Yeah, what's interesting is unlike Chinese, we wouldn't say don't put onions on it, we would just say something as simple as no onion or no bacon, etc.哦,直接一个 no 就可以了是吧?
对 很简单嗯 很简单 What about the opposite 就是你帮我放这个东西或者帮我放更多啊 You could say add onion or add baconextra bacon extra hot sauce that works too
对,extra,就是你已经放了,但是我想要更多啊。好,那我们今天的节目呢就到这儿,讲了很多很多非常实用的,而且非常掉胃口 appetizing 的 menu English。Yes, maybe you're as hungry as we are now after recording this podcast, so we hope your next trip to a restaurant goes well and you get the tasty food you want.
对,如果大家对于英语菜单和点菜还有什么问题的话呢,都欢迎在留言专区给我们分享。All right, thank you for listening and see you next time.Bon appétit!Bon appétit!