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cover of episode Episode #040 ... Superstition

Episode #040 ... Superstition

2014/10/16
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Philosophize This!

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本期节目探讨了迷信的本质,指出迷信是将原因与结果错误地联系起来。主持人以日常生活中常见的例子,如“一日一苹果,医生远离我”,以及人们对幸福的追求为例,说明迷信的普遍性。接着,节目介绍了贝克莱和伏尔泰两位启蒙思想家对迷信的批判。贝克莱从感知论的角度出发,质疑了物质世界的存在,认为只有精神世界是真实的,并以此来维护上帝的地位。伏尔泰则对当时的宗教,特别是基督教,进行了尖锐的批判,认为其是荒谬、愚蠢和血腥的,并呼吁铲除这种“臭名昭著的迷信”。节目还分析了伏尔泰的《论英国人》一书,探讨了宗教宽容的重要性。 节目最后部分,主持人详细分析了比尔·奥莱利关于潮涨潮落论证上帝存在的论点,指出其论证中存在多种逻辑谬误,例如诉诸概率谬误、虚假等价谬误和无知论证等。主持人逐条分析了奥莱利的论证过程,并指出其论证的荒谬之处,以及其论证策略的缺陷。

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The episode begins by defining superstition as falsely attributing cause to effect and explores how this thinking permeates everyday life, leading people to mistakenly believe in the influence of trivial actions on significant outcomes.

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On this episode of the podcast, we explore superstition in its various forms and examine the ways Berkeley and Voltaire tried to eliminate it in their work. First, we think about the superstitions we subscribe to in our everyday lives, whether it’s “an apple a day keeps the doctor away” or “the key to happiness is buying lots and lots of stuff.” Next, we learn why Berkeley wanted to throw out the notion that true reality lies behind the veil of perception and find out his answer to that cliché question about a tree falling in the forest. Finally, we begin our discussion of Voltaire and find out why he called Christianity "the most ridiculous, the most absurd and the most bloody religion which has ever infected this world.” All this and more on the latest episode of Philosophize This!

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