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cover of episode Episode #059 ... Kant pt. 4 - Categorical Trolley Cars

Episode #059 ... Kant pt. 4 - Categorical Trolley Cars

2015/5/28
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Philosophize This!
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专注于电动车和能源领域的播客主持人和内容创作者。
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主持人：本期节目分析了臭名昭著的电车难题，并探讨了它与康德的绝对命令的关系。首先，我们讨论了思想实验的价值，并对“常识”的概念提出了质疑。接下来，我们从不同的角度审视了电车难题，并试图理解我们为什么对其做出这样的反应。最后，我们讨论了康德的绝对命令，以及他认为得出道德原则所必需的另外四个前提条件。总而言之，思想实验，特别是像电车难题这样的思想实验，能够帮助我们超越社会习俗和偏见，更诚实地看待现实，并促使我们对自身道德判断进行更深入的反思。通过对电车难题不同情境的分析，我们可以看到，仅仅依靠结果（功利主义）来判断道德的优劣是片面的，康德的绝对命令，即只按照你希望成为普遍法则的准则行事，为我们提供了一个更全面的道德判断框架。康德认为，道德行为必须基于理性，具有自主性，并且要将人视为目的而非手段。在电车难题中，扳动开关虽然在结果上看起来更好，但从康德的视角来看，这仍然是将人作为手段，因为你将轨道上的人作为达到拯救更多人的手段。而推人下桥则更加直接地体现了这一点。因此，康德的道德哲学强调了行为本身的道德性，而不是仅仅关注结果。

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Philosophers use thought experiments to challenge social conventions and prejudices, aiming to reveal a more honest depiction of reality.

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On this episode of the podcast, we analyze the infamous Trolley Car Problem and think about it in relation to Kant’s categorical imperative. First, we discuss the value of thought experiments and call into question the concept of “common sense”. Next, we look at the Trolley Car Problem from various perspectives and try to understand why we react to it in the ways we do. Finally, we discuss Kant’s categorical imperative and four other prerequisites he felt were necessary for arriving at moral principles. All this and more on the latest episode of Philosophize This!

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