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cover of episode A thought experiment on how to fix the national debt problem

A thought experiment on how to fix the national debt problem

2025/7/2
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Planet Money

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Glenn Hubbard
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Jeff Guo & Alexi Horowitz-Ghazi: 我认为美国联邦政府自2000年以来一直面临预算赤字,并通过借贷来支付战争、金融危机救助、减税和社会保障等开支,导致国债从3万亿美元飙升至近30万亿美元。目前,国会正在讨论一项预计在未来十年内增加2到3万亿美元债务的新预算。如果不加以控制,巨额债务和不断上升的利率可能导致财政危机,因此需要通过增税、削减开支或两者兼施来实现预算平衡。然而,通过促进经济增长来解决债务问题也是一个可行的方案,就像二战后那样,通过经济增长来摆脱债务困境。 Jeff Guo & Alexi Horowitz-Ghazi: 我认为解决当前债务问题的另一种方法是促进经济增长,就像二战后那样,通过经济增长来摆脱债务困境。1950年代至1980年代,美国经济规模增长了四倍,远超债务增长速度。本期节目将探讨政府如何促进经济增长,以应对国家债务问题。经济增长可以解决预算问题,更大的经济规模意味着更多的税收收入,有助于平衡预算和偿还债务。如果经济生产力每年增长仅0.5个百分点,就可以阻止国债在未来几十年内继续增长。

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The US national debt has ballooned since 2001. This chapter explores the possibility of economic growth as a solution, drawing parallels to the post-WWII era where rapid growth mitigated a similarly large debt. Economists are exploring if a faster-growing economy could outrun the current debt.
  • The US national debt has grown from $3 trillion to almost $30 trillion since 2001.
  • The post-WWII era saw rapid economic growth that helped mitigate a large national debt.
  • Economists are exploring if current debt can be addressed through economic growth.

Shownotes Transcript

There's an economic fantasy you sometimes hear in D.C. It often gets trotted out when politicians are trying to add billions or trillions to the national debt. They claim that all the new spending will be worth it in the end because we will supercharge economic growth. This fantasy recurs again and again, because economic growth is a potent force. Over the next few decades, tiny changes in how fast our economy grows could decide the fate of the federal government — whether we can bring the massive national debt under control or whether we spiral into a fiscal crisis. Today on the show, we talk to three economists who have been sifting through the latest evidence. They're trying to figure out what the government could actually do to make the economy grow faster. Could we even grow fast enough to outrun our national debt? For a list of citations, check out our episode page).*This episode of Planet Money was produced by Emma Peaslee with help from Sam Yellowhorse Kesler. It was edited by Jess Jiang. It was fact-checked by Sierra Juarez and engineered by Ko Takasugi-Czernowin. Alex Goldmark is Planet Money's executive producer. *Find more Planet Money: Facebook) / Instagram) / TikTok) / Our weekly Newsletter. Listen free at these links: Apple Podcasts), Spotify), the NPR app) or anywhere you get podcasts. *Help support *Planet Money *and hear our bonus episodes by subscribing to Planet Money+ in Apple Podcasts) or at *plus.npr.org/planetmoney.)Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoices)NPR Privacy Policy)