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cover of episode Rising infections from a dusty devil, and nailing down when our ancestors became meat eaters

Rising infections from a dusty devil, and nailing down when our ancestors became meat eaters

2025/1/16
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Science Magazine Podcast

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M
Meredith Wadman
S
Sarah Crespi
T
Tina Lüdecke
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Meredith Wadman: 我研究了美国西南部日益增多的谷热病病例。这种真菌感染与气候变化、干旱、野火和啮齿动物数量有关。气候变暖和沙漠化可能导致该病的传播范围扩大,成为更严重的公共卫生问题。该病的诊断具有挑战性,因为其症状与其他呼吸道疾病相似,且存在多种严重并发症。目前正在研发针对人类和犬类的疫苗,但仍需时日。 我访问了加州贝克斯菲尔德附近的谷热病研究地点,研究人员正在采集空气和土壤样本以寻找这种难以捉摸的真菌。他们发现,啮齿动物的洞穴中含有较高浓度的孢子,野火也可能导致孢子传播。 许多感染谷热病的人没有症状,但有些人会患上严重的肺炎或脑膜炎。诊断通常需要数周时间,延误治疗可能会导致严重的长期健康问题。 Sarah Crespi: 我主持了本期播客,讨论了两个主题:一是美国西南部谷热病感染人数的增加及其与气候变化的联系;二是人类祖先何时开始食用肉类以及这对人类进化带来的影响。我采访了撰写关于谷热病的科学新闻记者Meredith Wadman和研究人类祖先饮食的Tina Lüdecke。 Tina Lüdecke: 我研究了生活在350万年前的南方古猿的饮食。通过分析其牙齿中的氮同位素比率,我们发现他们的饮食主要以植物为主,而非肉类。然而,个体之间的饮食差异很大,这表明他们可能食用过各种各样的植物,甚至包括白蚁等昆虫。我们的研究结果表明,肉类在早期人类进化中的作用可能被高估了,但我们还需要进一步研究来确定肉类在不同时期、不同地区和不同类人猿中的作用,以及其对物种进化和灭绝的影响。

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Chapters
This chapter explores the rising cases of Valley Fever, a fungal infection linked to climate change and desertification. It examines the role of weather patterns, the challenges in diagnosing the disease, and the potential for vaccines.
  • Valley Fever cases are increasing in the American Southwest, potentially due to climate change and desertification.
  • Dogs serve as sentinels for Valley Fever outbreaks.
  • Diagnosis is often delayed, hindering treatment.
  • Vaccines are under development for both dogs and humans.

Shownotes Transcript

First up this week, growing numbers of Valley fever cases, also known as coccidioidomycosis, has researchers looking into the disease-causing fungus). They’re exploring its links to everything from drought and wildfires to climate change and rodent populations. Staff Writer Meredith Wadman joins host Sarah Crespi to discuss her visit to a Valley fever research site in the desert near Bakersfield, California, where researchers are sampling air and soil for the elusive fungus.

 

Next up, scientists are trying to pin down when meat eating became a habit for human ancestors. It’s long been hypothesized that eating meat drove big changes in our family tree—such as bigger brains and more upright posture. Tina Lüdecke), a group leader at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry and honorary research fellow at the Evolutionary Studies Institute at the University of the Witwatersrand, investigated the diet of our ancient hominin relatives) Australopithecus. Her team used nitrogen isotope ratios from the tooth enamel in seven *Australopithecus *individuals in South Africa to determine what predominated in their diets at the time—meat or veg.

 

This week’s episode was produced with help from Podigy).

 

About the Science Podcast)

 

Authors: Sarah Crespi; Meredith Wadman

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.zulg8oo