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cover of episode Tornado Alley: Home Of Extreme Winds

Tornado Alley: Home Of Extreme Winds

2025/4/2
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Short Wave

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Burleigh McCoy
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Sushmita Pathak
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Burleigh McCoy: 我从小在龙卷风走廊长大,经常经历龙卷风预警,躲在地下室是家常便饭。这让我对龙卷风走廊的龙卷风频发习以为常,直到后来才意识到其他地区的人们很少经历这样的事情。 Sushmita Pathak: 我研究了龙卷风走廊龙卷风频发的原因,发现其地理位置是关键因素。龙卷风形成需要特定条件:来自落基山脉的冷干空气、来自墨西哥湾的暖湿空气以及高空强风。这些不同温度、方向和速度的风形成风切变,导致雷暴旋转,最终形成龙卷风。虽然龙卷风可以在世界各地发生,但龙卷风走廊的龙卷风数量远超其他地区,这与该地区的地理位置密切相关。 这项研究还发现,数千公里以外的地表粗糙度也对龙卷风形成有影响。在北美,来自墨西哥湾的东风吹过相对平滑的海面,能够积聚速度,这对于风切变和龙卷风形成至关重要。而在南美洲,来自亚马逊雨林的东风吹过粗糙的地表,导致风力减弱,抑制了龙卷风的形成。 我们使用全球气候模型模拟了不同地表粗糙度对龙卷风的影响。结果显示,如果将墨西哥湾模拟成森林,美国龙卷风潜力下降;如果将亚马逊雨林模拟成平原,南美中部龙卷风潜力上升。这表明,即使是距离风暴发生地数百英里的上游地表粗糙度,也会影响龙卷风的形成。 人类活动,如森林砍伐和风力发电场建设,会改变地表粗糙度,进而影响龙卷风。气候变化可能导致风暴增多,并可能使龙卷风走廊向东移动,但目前尚无法明确将龙卷风变化归因于气候变化。要了解气候变化对龙卷风的影响,首先需要深入了解龙卷风的形成机制和热点地区的原因。这项研究让我们更接近于理解龙卷风的形成机制,并认识到地表粗糙度在其中扮演的重要角色。

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Each year, the United States has about 1,200) tornadoes. Many of them happen in tornado alley, a very broad swath of the U.S. that shifts seasonally. This area gets at least ten times more tornadoes than the rest of the world. Science writer Sushmita Pathak) says that huge difference can be chalked up to one word: geography. But there's a slice of South America with similar geographical features that gets comparatively fewer tornadoes, so what gives? Sushmita wades into the research weeds with guest host Berly McCoy), one of Short Wave's producers. **Read Sushmita's full article) on tornadoes that she wrote for the publication Eos).***Have other science weather stories you think we should cover on the show? Let us know by emailing [email protected])! Listen to every episode of Short Wave sponsor-free and support our work at NPR by signing up for Short Wave+ at plus.npr.org/shortwave).*Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoices)NPR Privacy Policy)