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cover of episode Why Daylight Boosts Immunity

Why Daylight Boosts Immunity

2025/5/30
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Short Wave

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People
A
Ari Shapiro
B
Burleigh McCoy
C
Chris Hall
J
Jennifer Hurley
P
Petra Zumutzkutner
R
Regina Barber
V
Vladimir Dinitz
Topics
Regina Barber: 科学家们已经发现,我们的免疫反应会随着时间的变化而变化,而且在白天的时候,我们的免疫反应会更好。许多免疫细胞都有内置的生物钟,但有些免疫细胞甚至活不到一整天。这些短寿命的免疫细胞,比如中性粒细胞,是否也能感知时间,这是一个非常有趣的问题。 Burleigh McCoy: 我们人类进化成白天更活跃,所以白天更容易受伤或感染。因此,在白天,我们的免疫系统会准备好对抗潜在的入侵者,并通过引起炎症来实现这一目标。而在晚上,免疫系统则会转为抗炎状态,以便身体能够得到恢复。 Jennifer Hurley: 科学家们过去并没有真正研究中性粒细胞的昼夜节律,主要是因为它们寿命很短,死亡速度很快。因此,研究它们的昼夜节律似乎意义不大。但是,了解这些短寿命细胞如何感知时间,对于我们理解免疫系统的整体运作至关重要。 Chris Hall: 通过研究,我们发现中性粒细胞确实可以区分白天和黑夜。在白天,它们杀死细菌的速度更快。但是,如果我们移除中性粒细胞生物钟的组成部分,它们杀死细菌的能力就会下降,因为它们无法识别现在是否是白天。这项研究表明,即使是寿命很短的免疫细胞,也具有昼夜节律,这对于优化免疫反应非常重要。我们有兴趣看看是否能将中性粒细胞冻结在白天状态,或者研究如何调节这些时钟免疫基因以降低炎症。

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Shownotes Transcript

Depending on what time it is, your body responds differently to an injury or infection. During the day, you're likely to heal faster and fight infection better than at night. And historically, scientists weren't entirely sure why. That picture is starting to clear up thanks to a new study published last week in the journal Science Immunology)*. *The research finds a missing piece of the puzzle in neutrophils, powerful immune cells that — despite living less than 24 hours — know the difference between day and night.*Got a question about how the body works? Let us know at [email protected]). Listen to every episode of Short Wave sponsor-free and support our work at NPR by signing up for Short Wave+ at plus.npr.org/shortwave).*Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoices)NPR Privacy Policy)