Best Of: Why the Far Right Is Thriving Across the Globe
The Ezra Klein Show
Deep Dive
Why is the rise of the far right seen as a global phenomenon rather than isolated to specific countries?
The far right's rise is observed across countries with varying levels of wealth, political systems, and cultures, indicating a broader explanation is needed. This spans from Hungary to Brazil, where right-wing figures with authoritarian goals have been voted into power.
What is the 'silent revolution in cultural values' that Pippa Norris discusses?
The 'silent revolution' refers to a gradual shift in cultural values across advanced democracies, where younger generations, having taken economic prosperity for granted, prioritize post-material issues like freedom, autonomy, and diverse lifestyles over traditional material concerns.
How does the transgressive aesthetic of leaders like Trump and Bolsonaro contribute to their appeal?
The transgressive aesthetic, characterized by bold, often controversial statements and actions, resonates with voters who feel disoriented and marginalized by rapid cultural changes. These leaders promise to restore a sense of order and respect for traditional values, addressing feelings of cultural anxiety and disorientation.
What role does economic anxiety play in fueling right-wing backlash?
Economic anxiety, particularly during periods of economic crisis like the 2008 recession, can push people towards right-wing populism. However, Norris argues that while economic factors can exacerbate discontent, cultural issues are the primary driver of support for authoritarian populist parties.
Why is generational change a significant factor in understanding the rise of authoritarian populism?
Generational change means that younger, more liberal generations are gradually replacing older, more conservative ones, leading to a cultural backlash from the latter. This generational shift creates a sense of losing cultural hegemony and power, driving support for leaders who promise to restore traditional values.
How has social media influenced the political landscape according to Pippa Norris?
Social media has amplified political communication and allowed fringe ideas to gain broader visibility. However, Norris suggests it is more a reflection of deeper societal changes rather than a primary driver of political shifts. It accelerates trends already present in society.
What are the key data points that show the shift in cultural values from material to post-material concerns?
Key indicators include the rise of women's equality movements, the decline of religion, and increased concern for environmental issues. These shifts reflect a broader societal move towards prioritizing quality of life and personal freedoms over material wealth.
Why might economic policies alone not be sufficient to counter the appeal of populist authoritarian parties?
Economic policies may not address the cultural anxieties and disorientation felt by older generations. These parties offer a nostalgic promise of restoring a lost cultural order, which economic policies alone cannot fulfill.
What are some global examples of authoritarian populism beyond Europe and the United States?
Examples include Narendra Modi in India, Rodrigo Duterte in the Philippines, Recep Erdogan in Turkey, and Nicolas Maduro in Venezuela. These leaders exemplify a broader trend of authoritarian populism in various political contexts.
What are three books recommended by Pippa Norris to understand the rise of authoritarianism?
Recommended books are 'Popular Dictatorships' by Aleksandar Matovski, 'Spin Dictators' by Sergei Guriev and Daniel Treisman, and 'The Origins of Totalitarianism' by Hannah Arendt. These books explore the popular support for authoritarian leaders and the changing face of tyranny in the 21st century.
- Right-wing populist parties and politicians are rising in many countries.
- This is happening in wealthy and poor countries, with varying levels of immigration and economic inequality.
- Theories need to explain this phenomenon across multiple countries and situations.
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