How to Talk to Difficult People: Proven Strategies to Stop Arguments & Feel Connected Again
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Hey, it's your friend Mel, and welcome to the Mel Robbins Podcast. Okay, tell me if this sounds familiar. You're at the dinner table, or you're sitting in a car with someone you love, or you're on the phone, and then it happens. Someone makes a comment, the tone shifts, you know the kind, it stinks. Or it's just, ugh. Ugh.

And suddenly, you're not having a conversation. You're in a standoff. One word turns into a lecture. One look, next thing you know, you're arguing. And now you're stuck. Do you keep the peace? Say nothing? Do you speak your mind and then brace for the fallout? Or do you just agree to disagree?

Sound familiar? I know it does because I hear it from you every single day in the inbox. You're writing to me and saying things like, Mel, my husband and I are talking past each other. It's like we're having two different conversations. Mel, every time I talk to my brother-in-law, it turns into a debate.

Mel, I'm dreading going home because I know it's going to be an attack. So how do you talk to your family when you don't agree? When it's not just a difference of opinion, it's a crack in your relationship. Well, that's what you and I are going to talk about today because there is another way.

A way to say what you need to say without starting the same fight over and over again. A way to feel close even when you don't see eye to eye. So if you're ready to stop avoiding the issue and learn how to finally speak to the people you care about without losing the relationship, you and I are going to have a conversation today about how to connect when there's a disconnect.

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The BMW Summer Sales Event is on now. Visit BMWUSA.com to learn more. Hey, it's your friend Mel, and welcome to the Mel Robbins Podcast. I am so excited that you're here. It's always such an honor to be able to spend time together with you. I also want to take a moment, if you're new to the podcast, I want to personally welcome you to the Mel Robbins Podcast family. You have picked a winner of a conversation to listen to. I'm glad you're here.

And because you made the time to hit play on this particular episode today, here's what I know about you. You're not only the kind of person who values your time, you're also someone who values your relationships. And you do want to feel more connected to the people in your life. Well, let me tell you something. This episode is going to help you do exactly that. And if you're here right now because someone in your life shared this episode with you, well, let me point something out. That means they care deeply about you.

and they see that you want to feel more connected to the people in your life. And maybe they even secretly want to be more connected to you. And so they wanted you to listen to this and you guys can talk about it. That's pretty cool that you have people like that in your life.

And this episode, oh my gosh, I have been wanting to have this conversation with this particular expert for a long time. Because let me read you some of the lines from the emails that I'm seeing in the inbox over and over and over again. I'm hearing these kinds of statements from people just like you and me all over the world. Mel, I'm trying to keep the peace in my family, but it's exhausting.

Mel, I don't even know how to talk to the people that I love anymore. Or I don't talk to my parents. It's gotten that bad. Or my sister just blocked me after one argument. What do I do? I'm telling you, listeners to this podcast are sending these kinds of questions about their relationships with their family and their closest friends over and over. If you've ever felt anything like this, first of all, I want you to know you're not alone.

People all over the world are feeling this disconnect with the people they care about. And you might be surprised to hear me tell you the division isn't just about politics. It's everything. It's about parenting, faith, money, the dynamics inside your family. It's happening at work. It's happening in your marriage. It's happening with close friends. It's like we don't even know how to talk to each other when we don't agree.

And it's not the topic that is the real problem. You may think it is, but that's not the real problem. The problem is the distance, the tension, the misunderstanding, the yelling, the righteousness, the silence. That's what's breaking your heart.

And I want you to know, I have felt this too. There are people in my life that I care deeply about, and there are just things that I don't know how to bring the topic up without turning it into a fight or having the other person shut down. So I avoid it.

I stay quiet. I keep the peace. I will admit that to you. And you may find that surprising. You're like, Mel, stay quiet. But it's true. Haven't you ever felt like it's just easier to say nothing?

Well, that's why I wanted to learn from the expert who is here today. And let me tell you something. I have brought in a world-class heavyweight when it comes to this issue. I'm talking about none other than Charles Duhigg. He's a Pulitzer Prize-winning, three-times New York Times bestselling author, world-renowned researcher on the topic of how to connect and communicate with people when there's a major disconnect.

and he is also one of the most respected voices in behavioral science. Now, his three New York Times bestselling books have changed the way millions of people, including me, think about habits, productivity, personal change. I discovered Charles Duhigg and his work over a decade ago. His work and his research, including The Global Sensation, The Power of Habit. This

This is the seminal book on habits. It was released in 2012. It is the book, the research. His work and research changed my life. I have cited his research in two of my bestselling books. I've shared his research on stages around the world. I have been wanting to get him on this podcast ever since I started it. Now, Charles' most recent book, Super Communicators, cracked something open to me, and it's going to do the same for you.

Absolutely everything you're about to learn is backed by rigorous, undisputable research. See, you and I need to understand the science

Because if you ever want to influence someone, if you ever want to change someone else's opinion, or if you simply want to know how to have a constructive conversation or a family dinner without it erupting into an argument, well, you are in the right place today. Because Charles is going to teach you how to finally feel understood in your family, in your marriage, in your friendships, at work, in your life. This episode will

We'll give you the tools and the hope to create real, lasting connection. And that's why I'm so thrilled that you're here and that you have this as a resource for yourself and to share with the people you care about. So let's jump into it. Please help me welcome the extraordinary Charles Dewitt to the Mel Robbins Podcast.

Oh my God. Charles Duhigg, I cannot believe that you are here. I have been wanting you to be on the Mel Robbins Podcast since I started this. Thank you for jumping on a plane. Thank you for being here. Thank you for having me. This is such a treat. I have to say, I'm a huge fan of the show. I'm a huge fan of you. And so a chance for us to get to sit down and talk to each other is just such an honor and a joy. Thank you. Oh, well, I hope you feel the same after the conversation is over. I'm really excited about the conversation today because...

You are the person that I think could help us understand a topic that we're seeing in the inbox over and over and over again, which is this idea of feeling like you want to be closer to people that you have fundamental disagreements with and friction. And so I'd love to have you start by telling the person who is listening what could change about their life or their relationships if they take everything to heart that you're about to share with us

And they put it to use in their life. They put it to use with people that they want to be closer to. What could change, Charles? Well, I think a lot of us have anxiety around our relationships, right? We have anxiety around conversations. There's things that we don't want to talk about with our spouses, with our siblings, with our coworkers. And the thing that we now know is that if you have the right skills, you can connect with anyone.

By the end of this episode, my goal is that people will say, I'm not going to be anxious about having that conversation anymore. I know that I can talk to my uncle. I can talk to my husband about that thing that I've been avoiding. I can talk to the guy at work who I disagree with and we're actually like fighting with each other over what the budget should be. I know how to have that conversation in a way that even if we disagree with each other,

that we still feel connected to each other, that that conversation becomes a joy for me rather than a source of anxiety. It is a high bar, but I think we can hit it. I believe in us. I'm going to lean in because I, and I'm going to actually give you as you're listening an invitation. I want you to think about one or two people in your life that you need to have a conversation or there's some issue where you're just like, I don't even know who you are anymore. I can't talk to you about this kind of thing.

I want you to have them in mind. I can think of two people in my life right now that I'm going to start the conversation with. One of them is related to what I do in my career, and there's a topic that I don't know how to bring up. And the other one is related to topics inside my family related to politics that it's just gotten to the point where we can't even talk to each other.

And I don't want it to be that way. Yeah. And, you know, I should say right off the bat, this is not going to be a conversation about what you believe. This is a conversation about how to talk to people where you have issues that you're just at this point where you're like, well, you just have to agree to disagree. And so I want you to think of one or two people in your life that, boy, if I could actually be able to have a conversation with somebody and

and not have it tear us apart, or if I could have the ability to bring something up that I don't really know how to talk about, that's a really cool thing. And, you know, I got to ask you though, why should we learn how to have conversations

when they only seem to create more emotion or frustration or distance or heartache with the people that you care about, especially when you disagree on the issue. Because those conversations are oftentimes the most powerful conversations of our life. If I think about why my wife and I fell in love, it was not because we went on a great vacation together. It was not because we saw a fun movie together.

It's because we had conversations where I said something real and meaningful and vulnerable, and she said something that was vulnerable and real, and it changed how I saw the world.

That is what brings us together. So I'm not saying that you have to have a conversation with your family about politics, right? Part of being a good conversationalist is choosing what you want to talk about. And when I get together with my neighbor, he's got a different political sign on his lawn than I have on my lawn. But politics takes up like 2% of our brains, right? What we mostly think about is the pothole in the street that we want fixed. So that's what I'm going to talk about is the pothole. But with those people that you care about, with your parents,

With your children, the most important conversations weren't necessarily the easiest conversations, but they're the ones that you remember because they brought you closer together. They helped you understand how this person saw the world and you helped them understand how you see the world.

That is the greatest expression of what being a human is. But I take it based on the research in this book, you're going to teach us how to do that even when we diabolically disagree with the political sign that is in the neighbor or the parents or the brother-in-law's yard. Absolutely. And it doesn't mean you have to avoid politics. In fact, you can have a conversation about politics. And if you have the right skills to do so, even if you walk away still disagreeing with each other, you will feel closer to each other. You'll feel more connected. Absolutely.

you'll feel like the conversation was a success. This is the thing about conversations. Conversations can change the world. The right conversation at the right moment with your dad can change your relationship with him entirely. The right conversation at the right moment with someone you're dating makes you fall in love. Conversations are incredibly powerful, but the way that we have them so that they are powerful is that

We use skills, skills that we know, skills that we use with our best friends. We use those skills on everyone. We become a super communicator. Charles, first of all, I am such a huge fan. You have won the Pulitzer Prize for your reporting and writing. You wrote, in my opinion, the seminal book on the power of habits and research around habits. Thank you. And you...

are such an important mind and writer. And now you have written this book, Super Communicators, How to Unlock the Secret Language of Connection. Why the heck did you decide to write this book? So it's a good question. For me, this actually started a couple of years before I began working on the book with this pattern that I fell into with my wife, which I assume is probably familiar to you, probably to many people listening, which is...

I would come home from work, and I was working at the New York Times at that point, and I would start complaining about my day and talking about, you know, my boss doesn't appreciate me and my coworkers don't realize what a genius I am. And my wife, very reasonably, would offer me some really good solutions. She would say something like, why don't you take your boss out to lunch and you guys can get to know each other? And instead of being able to hear the good advice she was giving me, I would get even more upset. Right? And I would say, why aren't you supporting me? You're supposed to be on my side. You should be outraged on my behalf.

And she would get upset because I was attacking her for giving me good advice. Does this ever happen to you and your husband that when one person wants to discuss an emotional problem, the other person offers solutions to it that are not necessarily appreciated? It not only happens with my husband because I'm your wife. I miss, let me solve the problem. But it happens all the time with my,

adult kids. Yes. Where they're sharing about something and I will either see the other person's side. Absolutely. Which just pisses them off so much. You're not hearing me. Can you just validate me? Which is a helpful cue.

But yeah, I think am the chief offender in my relationships of not actually listening the right way. You're right. It's about listening, but it's also about understanding what's actually happening in that conversation. Okay. So after I had this issue with my wife, I went to all these researchers and I asked them, why do I keep making this mistake again and again and again?

And they said, well, we're really glad you showed up because we're actually living through this golden age of understanding communication. For like the first time in human history, because of advances in neuroscience and neural imaging and data collection, we can see what's happening inside your brain as you're having a conversation. And what they said is, when you are having a discussion with your kids or I'm having a discussion with my wife, we think we know what that conversation is about. We think we're having a discussion about what happened today or how things are at work. But actually...

We are having multiple different kinds of conversations all at the same time. And in general, these different kinds of conversations, they tend to fall into one of three buckets. Okay, so there's three different types of conversations. There's three different types of conversations. There's practical conversations, right? Where we're making plans together or we're solving problems. But then there's also emotional conversations where I tell you what I'm feeling and

And I don't want you to solve my feelings. I want you to empathize. I want you to validate me. I want you to tell me that it's going to be okay, right? The same way that when your kids say to you, mom, I don't want you to solve this problem for me. I just want you to tell me that like, it's going to turn out all right.

That's an emotional conversation. And then finally, the third type of conversation are social conversations. What are those? That's about how we relate to each other, how we relate to society, the identities that are important to us. I identify as a mom or a dad or a worker. And what's really fascinating is all three kinds of conversations are all equally legitimate. And in a discussion, we'll probably have all three conversations. But what's important is if you and I are not having the same kind of conversation at the same moment,

We can't really hear each other. Not completely. And we certainly won't feel connected to each other, which is exactly what happened with me and my wife or you and your kids, right? I came home. I was having an emotional conversation. Your kids are having an emotional conversation. My wife responds with a practical conversation. She says, here's a solution. But because we're having different kinds of conversations, I can't hear the good advice she's giving me. All I do is I get more upset.

And so one of the big skills that super communicators have, the best communicators, is they're aware of these different kinds of conversations and they're asking themselves, what kind of conversation does this person want to have with me right now?

And how do I invite them to have the kind of conversation that's important to me? So one of the first takeaways is, because I think we can all relate to that feeling of being misunderstood and that feeling of not being listened to or that feeling of being talked at, is that if you're in that frustrating dynamic with somebody where you come home, you just want to vent, you just want somebody to connect with you emotionally, validate how you're feeling because you're letting off steam, that when you have a mismatch,

because your wife's like, oh, well, I don't want you to be sad. Let me problem solve. And then you start to get frustrated. And now you're actually causing tension with the two of you. Yes. And both of you are like, well, we're just trying to have a conversation.

One of the first skills that you're teaching us is in those moments, ask yourself, what am I actually trying to do here? Am I trying to connect emotionally? Am I trying to handle logistics? And I don't want to have some deep conversation because that's another thing that happens is, you know, somebody will be handling deep. They want to just figure out the mechanics for the week. And I want to have a conversation about feelings. And they're like, I don't want to talk about my feelings. Why do you always have to talk? That's so helpful.

It's absolutely, and you're absolutely right. So the first skill, the first big takeaway is try and figure out what kind of conversation you want to have. Gotcha. Right? Am I in an emotional mindset? Am I in a practical mindset? Am I in a social mindset? And next-

Let me ask you or pay attention to what kind of conversation you want to have. Well, I don't care about you though, Charles. Like, I just want, I just want, like, that's part of the problem is I literally don't care about you. See, I don't, I don't, I don't believe you. I think you do care, right? We, that's why we're having the conversations because we care about the other person at least a little bit. That's true. I guess when you come home, because we can all relate to that feeling. You've had a really stressful day at work or school, right? Or a stressful commute home. You walk in the door. You walk in the door.

You start venting. You just want to sort of unwind. And then now all of a sudden, you are in a frustrating dynamic with somebody else. Yep. And in that moment, I actually don't care, right, about Chris's, my husband's feelings because now I'm annoyed that I'm not getting what I wanted, which is the emotional release. And so what you can do at that moment is you can just announce, right?

I don't need you to solve this problem for me. I just need to vent. I just want to tell you. Or Chris, Chris can ask you. Chris can say, Mel, do you want me to help you solve this problem or do you just need to get this off your chest? Yes, that is the best line in your book. And it's such a relief when someone asks that, right? Because sometimes we haven't asked ourself. Sometimes we haven't taken the second to say like, oh, what do I actually want out of this conversation? Yeah.

And it's really powerful when we give people a chance to do that. Okay. So can we set the table on something? Because I'm now thinking it makes sense to me there are logistics, right? It's all business. Let's just like figure this stuff out. Let's figure out where we're going on vacation. What are we having for dinner? Yep. Yep. There's emotional. I just need somebody to validate. I need the hug. I need to vent to somebody. And then there's social. Right. I don't understand what social conversations are. So social conversations are actually the most frequent conversations we have. Okay. And it's...

A social conversation is when in a conversation you say, you know, the way that I see this as a mom is I see this a little bit differently than you. What you're doing is you're telling me who you are, how you see yourself. Or when we're saying, hey, you know, Jim was a little weird in that meeting. Like, what do you think is going on with Jim? Like, why wasn't he enthusiastic about this idea? That's a social conversation. Yeah.

And I'm assuming that most of the hot topics, whether it's politics or it's religion or it's issues that we see in the news or opinions about family members, that those are social conversations gone way wrong. Absolutely. Okay, so let's talk about how to have those conversations a little bit better. And let me clarify, for the three kinds of conversations, they all have something different that we're seeking. When you and I are having a practical conversation, the goal is a solution.

When you and I are having an emotional conversation, the goal is empathy. And when you and I are having a social conversation, if we're talking about politics or we're talking about religion or we're talking about society,

The goal is simply acknowledgement. I don't have to agree with you. You don't have to agree with me. I don't need you to say, oh, you know, by the way, I was wrong to vote for this person. I should have voted for your guy. What I need you to say is I need you to say, I hear what you're saying is this person is important to you. And I might disagree a little bit, but I want to just acknowledge that

that they are important to you and that they play an important role in your life. Now, why would you want to do that? I'm asking this because, again, as you're listening, this is not a conversation about what you believe.

This is a conversation about how to communicate with people. Absolutely. When you have issues that you do not agree on. I think one of the interesting things about your work, Charles, is that when I was doing an even deeper dive into it, the single biggest criticism of all of the research that you're about to teach us about communicating and connecting with people, the single biggest criticism that people have is how dare you

Tell me that I have to acknowledge a point of view that I diabolically oppose. I will not, I cannot do that. You are placated. You're trying to convince me to agree with somebody. People's inability to even do this step of saying without seeking to understand why somebody believes what they believe, there is no connection.

And so I was excited to talk to you because there are people in my life that I value who I have gotten to the point with where I literally like, I just can't talk to you about this. So let's talk about how to do that. And I'm sure they probably feel the same way about me. And you're right. We are living in a more polarized time. There is no question. The research shows absolutely that people shy away from conversations, but there's a way around this. And let's take you as an example. So tell me a little bit about

the conversations that you are avoiding with a family member. Like, give me the outlines of it. Yeah, we just have different beliefs when it comes to certain issues and...

What happens is if in the past, when I've tried to engage, there's an emotional reaction, there's a yelling, you don't understand, we're not doing that, you're not here. And then there's such a flooding of emotion or there is almost like the words are coming at you. Right. Like everything's an attack. And so like a lot of people,

You get to the point where you're just like, I'm just not, it's easier to avoid the conversation, even though I don't want to, because there's this distance between us because we can't

actually talk about these things. So let me tell you how to get around that. Okay. Because one of the things, and this is the second big skill of the best communicators, is that they ask more questions. In fact, one of the things that we know is that the best communicators ask 10 to 20 times as many questions as the average person. 10 to 20 times? 10 to 20 times. But they're asking a specific kind of question, what's known within psychology as a deep question.

Okay. What is a deep question? A deep question is something that asks me about my values or my beliefs or my experiences. So how does this apply to your conversation with a relative? Let's role play it. Is that okay to role play? Okay. So you be the angry relative, right? I'll be the one who's trying to break through a little bit.

So let's say you think that Martians are better than people from Venus. I think people from Venus are better than Martians, right? Right. Okay. So something ridiculous. Yeah. Something ridiculous. So, so Mel, I saw that there was some interesting news on Mars and Venus the other day. Like what do you think about that? Well, any idiot can see that, you know, the people, the Martians on Venus are way better than ones on Mars, Charles. I mean, come on. Can you see it on the news?

So this is great, right? Because at that moment, I could do one of two things. The first is I could see this as an attack on my identity, right? This is, we're talking about other people. We're talking about...

society and how people see others. So it's a social conversation. And I could see this as an, and be like, well, you're Mel, you're, you're completely wrong. And not only that, but you're dumb, right? Because like clearly Mars is better than Venus. Let me give you all the reasons why that's not going to be a productive conversation. A better thing for me to do is to ask you a deep question. I'm just wondering, Mel, like, it seems like you really care about this topic. Like, what is it about Mars and Venus that seems so meaningful to you? Like, I'm just curious. Yeah.

Well, you know, I just feel like Venus is more like kind of how I feel about things. I think Venus is the way to go because, I mean, haven't you heard how terrible Mars is and how Mars really screwed things up? So let me tell you what I'm about to do. So the first skill that I used is I asked you a deep question. I basically asked you why. Why is this important to you? How do you feel about this topic? The next thing I'm going to do is after you've answered that question,

I'm going to repeat back what I heard you tell me. This is known as looping for understanding. Okay. So Mel, what I hear you saying, and tell me if I'm getting this wrong, is...

That for you, Venus really represents something admirable. And you've seen people go and they've built a new life on that planet. And you're someone who cares about self-improvement. And you care about people having agency to make the world a better place. And for you, Venus represents this really, really important virtue. And I totally understand that. And because that virtue is also really important to me. I see it a little bit in Mars. And I think we're a little bit different on that.

But I think we actually agree about what

what space exploration means. Did I get that right? Am I hearing you correctly? Yeah, except for the part about Mars. Mars has done everything wrong. And, you know, I don't see how they actually say the same thing because, you know, the things that I listened to about Venus are saying that Mars actually doesn't believe those things. I appreciate that. And I want to understand how you see the world. I also want to share with you how I see the world because I just think it'll bring us closer together.

And look, if we walk away from this conversation and we don't agree about Venus and Mars, that's okay. Like my goal here is not to convince you you're wrong and I'm right. My goal here is to understand how you see the world.

Speak in such a way that you can understand how I see the world. And stepping out of the conversation for a minute, the reason why that's so important is because if we understand each other, even if we disagree, even if we walk away and you think that Venus is the best and I think that Mars is the best and we think each other are kind of idiots for believing anything differently, as long as we have tried to understand each other, we will feel more connected to each other. And that connection is how we build a relationship. That's how we build a friendship.

If you think about your best friends, you don't agree all the time with your best friends, but you still love them because you're connected to them.

Charles, let's hit the pause button because I know that at this point in the conversation, the person that's listening right now has a number of people that they're thinking about. And I know that I am too. People that I need to use these tools with, people that I want to connect with, people that I need to have conversations with. I'm going to share this episode with them.

And I'm inviting you to take a minute and share this episode with people that you care about, whether it's because you want to be more connected to them or maybe they're struggling with somebody in their life that they need to understand these tools. Take a minute, share this, and don't go anywhere. Charles has so much more to teach us from his New York Times bestselling book and all the research he did for the book Super Communicators. We'll be waiting for you after a short break. ♪

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Welcome back. It's your buddy Mel Robbins. Today, you and I are spending time with Pulitzer Prize winning New York Times bestselling author Charles Duhigg. And we are learning the research around how you can be more influential, how you can communicate better, how you can stay connected to people in your life, even when you cannot understand how they think the way they think.

Charles, what I love most about what we're talking about is I'm realizing that all of this not only helps us stay connected, but it helps you be more influential. I love that this is about understanding people, not arguing with them or even necessarily agreeing with them. And so I have a question that I wanted to ask you. Do you think...

We've gotten to a point, though, where people would rather be right about their beliefs than really try to stay connected to people. I think we live in a society where, right now, people are telling us that being right is more important than being connected. And we are seeing the wages of that sin, right? We see it in our politics. We see it in our daily life. We see it in the news.

When we prioritize being right over being good neighbors, we can walk down a really dangerous road. And that doesn't mean that we should give up on the things that we believe in, right? If I believe in something, I believe I'm right and I believe you're wrong, I'm going to work hard to help you see the world the same way that I do. Maybe I'll even convince you that I'm right, but that's not my goal. My goal is

is to understand you and to let you understand me because then we can live alongside each other peacefully. We can build a community and a society together. That's what matters.

Well, you know, one of the things that I saw over and over in the inbox is people talking about how the current state of the world is tearing their families apart. In fact, I want to read you a question from a listener, Megan. My Democratic kids and nephew believe that my Republican mother and sister and brother-in-law's views are, quote, unforgivable.

They want me to intervene. Forget the politics of it. And I believe that's a difficult thing for people to say right now because everything is at a boiling point. Absolutely. And every issue feels like it's the highest stakes. And so it is hard for people to just forget about the politics. It's a very convenient thing to say, right? Megan writes, so I believe in family first.

How do I navigate this mess? Okay. Let's talk about the three skills that we just learned. Okay. Number one, try and figure out what kind of conversation is happening. Is this a practical conversation, an emotional conversation, or a social conversation? Well, how do we know the difference? Because this is like one of those conversations that I don't want to get in the middle of this like cat fight. I don't want to be the family mediator all the time.

I don't want to go to that family barbecue where everybody's simmering and whispering to the people that believe the same thing. So let's talk about the conversation with our kids first. Okay. Because we're going to bring them together eventually, but first we're going to talk to the kids. Here's what I would ask. You have said that you think that their opinions are unforgivable.

So I want to understand if this is something that really affects you emotionally, or if this is just, you think it's the wrong choice for society and we should move in a different direction. It's kind of a practical question. So let me ask you, and this is the second skill, let me ask you a deep question. There's lots of things that your grandmother does that you probably don't approve of, but this issue seems to really be on your mind. Tell me why. What does this issue mean to you?

Why is this important? Because what you're doing at that moment with your kids is you're saying, I'm asking you a deep question. Tell me why this matters to you. What do you need to get out of this conversation that makes you feel

like the world is a better place. The person is going to answer in a way that tells me what frame of mind they're in. Okay. If they're an emotional frame of mind, a practical frame of mind, a social frame of mind. They teach teachers how to do this by telling them, if a student comes up and wants to talk to you, you should start the conversation by saying, do you want to be helped? Do you want to be hugged? Or do you want to be heard? So let's say that they were- Well, what do you do if they say heard? Because I think if somebody's already using language, it's unforgivable.

Like, I don't even know who you are anymore. We can't talk about this stuff. How could you possibly believe that? That there is a deep-seated desire that the other person actually changes their point of view, right? Because without changing your point of view, I believe that you and I

cannot connect. Do you see what I mean? Like that's what that word says to me in Megan's question. So I agree, but let me adjust it a little bit because I don't think that I necessarily need you to change a hundred percent to how I see the world. I think that I need you to acknowledge how I see the world and that it's valid. Right. So this brings us to the third skill. So what do we do when we're sitting down and they're saying things that are offensive to me, or they're saying that what they've said is unforgivable and can't get along with them.

We've done the first two skills. We've figured out what kind of conversation we're having. We've asked a deep question. Now we prove that we're listening.

Because that thing that you just said, I need you to change your mind, is not actually what most people feel. They think that they need the other person to change their mind, but what they actually need the other person to do is to prove to them that they are listening, that they want to understand. There's a technique for this known as looping for understanding. Okay. Which has three steps. Step one is that you ask a question, preferably a deep question, which we already did. Step two, and we did this before, is that

after you answer that question, I repeat back what I heard you say in my own words. What was the first question that you asked? It was a deep question again. So the deep question was,

this seems like it's really bothering you. Like, why is this so important to you? Why is what your grandmother says about X, why does it seem to bother you so much? Just tell me what does this mean to you? That's a deep question. Got it, okay. Your kids are going to tell you, grandma's, you know, old and she's stuck in the past and she doesn't understand the new world. Or I'm devastated because she clearly does not accept me. Yeah, oh, maybe that's it. You know what I'm saying? Like, it's like, I think for a lot of people, there's this sense of,

How could you believe that and still see and love me? How could we possibly be connected if this is a core thing that I believe and

And you have an opinion that I personally believe is unforgettable. Absolutely. Maybe we go to different churches. Maybe you don't accept my lifestyle. Yeah. So I'm going to ask why that's important. And as you're answering that question, I'm going to listen to figure out, are you using emotional words? Are you using practical words? Are you using social words? I think most people, when you get down to it, probably use very like, blah, blah, blah.

Like very emotional. That's exactly right. Because we are all very emotional about these things. Most of the time, most of the time, the thing that's interfering is the emotion. I've gotten two of the skills out of the way, right? I've asked you a deep question. I know that you want to have an emotional conversation. You need to have an emotional conversation. Then I'm going to do this looping for understanding where the goal is to prove to you that I'm listening. Mel, what I hear you saying is I hear you saying that it's really hard to spend time with your grandmother because...

She believes in a different way of the world working. She thinks that marriage should go this way or that faith should go that way. And I hear you saying that that hurts you because she's your grandmother, because you want to have a relationship with her. And that when she pushes you away, it makes you feel better.

It makes you feel distant and bad about yourself. Okay, so that's step two of looping for understanding. I've repeated back what I heard you say. Step three is now I ask you if I got it right. Mel, did I hear you correctly? Am I? Because at that moment when I ask you if I got it right, what I'm asking you for is permission to acknowledge that I was listening.

I love that. Did I get that right? Yeah. Did I get that right? Am I hearing you correctly? It must be so hard to do, though, when you're having to repeat an opinion or belief that you think is diabolically opposed to yours. Did I get that right? It's hard the first couple of times. One of the wonderful things about the human brain and how the human brain has evolved is if you think about it, communication is our superpower, right? It's the thing that sets us apart from every species.

So our brain has evolved to be really, really good at communication. And as a result, when we practice things, we make them into habits very, very quickly. So the first time that I say, you know, Mel, what I hear you saying is that we should kill all puppies on earth and that you believe that. I'm like, how could you believe that, Charles? But I hear that it's because you really care about cats. Did I get that correct? Am I hearing you accurately? Yeah.

Once I get into that habit, here's what's going to happen. Once you believe that I am listening to you, you're going to become more likely to listen to me. Grandma, what I hear you saying is that you don't approve of my lifestyle because you want me to grow up and to be in a stable relationship and to have children and experience that joy just like you felt and you're worried that the choices I'm making means I'll never be in a committed... Am I hearing you correctly? Did I get that right at that moment?

What I'm doing is I'm asking you for permission to acknowledge that I was listening. You, and we can't even fight this. This is hardwired into our neurology. When I prove to you that I've been listening to you, you will automatically become more likely to listen to me in return. It's called social reciprocity. We can't fight it. Social reciprocity. Yep. And so this is what the science says. This is what the science says. And what's interesting about like really dissecting this is that

What I felt, we'll use the puppy example because it's ridiculous, right? Is that the second you acknowledged that it's because I love cats,

The kind of defensive stance that you have when you are opposed to somebody else drops. Absolutely. And the other thing that I'm getting from this is that the grand irony of all of this is that as you were starting to ask the deep question, why does this bother you so much that your grandmother believes this? What I started to hear is that why it bothers us is because we don't feel connected to our

or aligned with the people that we want to be connected and aligned with. Absolutely. Is that? Absolutely. At the core of that, why does this bother you so much that your brother-in-law keeps saying this? The deepest reason is because I want to be close to my brother-in-law. He's my brother-in-law, right? Or I want to come home for Thanksgiving and I don't want to like have the entire meal be tense and I don't want to like be waiting for like the wrong thing to be said. I want to be able to relax. Or the rant about whatever. Right.

Yes. And so once I acknowledge that, once you help me by asking me that deep question, once you help me understand what I actually want here is I don't want my brother-in-law to agree with me. I just want us to be able to live peacefully among each other and feel connected. Then suddenly, all of a sudden, I can say, you know what? Actually, I don't need him to vote for the same guy that I vote for.

I just need him to understand that we have a difference of opinion. And that's okay. And we're going to live our lives in different ways. But I'm not judging him, and he's not judging me. Charles, I just love this conversation and everything that you're sharing with us. And I think it's so important, given where we are in the world right now. And I'm also...

really excited that you're here with us and that you wanted to spend time listening and learning about how you can build this skill around communication and use it to connect with people. Now, we're just scratching the surface. Charles and I are going to continue role-playing. We've got a lot more topics to unpack and things to teach you, so don't go anywhere. And if there's somebody that has come to mind as you've been listening to this that you wish that you could connect with,

Share this episode with them. Seriously, sharing this episode and all of Charles's research with them is a great way to open the door to a new way of communicating. And don't go anywhere because we'll be waiting for you after a short break. Stay with us.

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Welcome back. It's your buddy Mel Robbins. Today, you and I are getting to learn from Charles Duhigg, Pulitzer Prize-winning researcher, New York Times bestselling author of three books. We're digging into the fascinating research in his book, Super Communicators. And we're learning about the skills and the research that you can tap into in order to have difficult conversations and in order to connect with people, even when you're

You have diabolically opposing points of views about things. So Charles, the next question that I had is this, you know, everyone says, if you're, if you're not speaking out about this stuff all the time, then somehow you don't care about the issues. And the truth is, if you understand the research, anytime you're shouting your opinion, you're

People aren't listening to you. In fact, there's study after study shows the more evidence that I give you, the more ingrained your opinion becomes. I think this is really important if you're listening and you think that this is somehow a way to avoid being active in your community or to avoid addressing hard issues.

It is so important to understand that the way that we have evolved at this point, where we cannot talk about things, where we are so reactive, where we are so right, and you may be right about your opinion about whatever topic, and you probably are right about your opinion about whatever topic, but if your entire objective is to convince other people that they're wrong,

you're actually creating a bigger divide. So if you, so ironically, it's not just about staying close and connected to people. If you have any chance in hell,

of changing somebody's mind about a topic where you are morally opposed, the only chance you have based on the research, is this what you're telling us, Charles? Yeah, absolutely. Is to use these techniques to make the other person feel listened to and understood so that you open up the pathways in their brain to entertain a different point of view. That's exactly right. Wait, so here's the key thing that's happening is that

Nobody believes anything 100%, right? No matter what you are,

politics, religion, sports, nobody says the Mets are the greatest team ever. They will always be the greatest team. If you get them in an honest frame of mind, they say, hey, the Mets are pretty good this year, but like two seasons ago, they were terrible, right? And so what we want is we want to get to that softness. We want to get to that moment when I'm willing to say, here's what I believe, but I acknowledge that there are gray areas here.

And what I'm asking you is you believe something different, but I want you to acknowledge that there are also gray areas. And in that gray areas, we can start to influence each other. The way that we get to those gray areas is by saying, I want to understand what you're saying. I want to understand how you're seeing the world. And I want to speak in a way that you can understand what I'm saying. Because there's probably these gray areas that we agree on. So let's start there. That is a much, much more powerful way to change someone's mind.

than to say, you know what? You're an idiot. You believe that about the Yankees? Do you read? Are you illiterate? That's never going to change someone's mind. Well, and here's the thing. What I love about this is you can have that opinion and use these tools to A, stay connected to somebody, B, diffuse all the tension and emotion and the righteousness and the name-calling, and B,

C, actually use science because you're actually keeping them open-minded to hear your side. And so if you have any chance of influencing other people, this is the way you do it. Absolutely. What does the data and the research say about arguing? There are different ways of arguing. Okay. And that can be toxic or can be productive. Oftentimes when we're in an argument, we're

That fight or flight instinct is going. And so my instinct is that I want to control something, right? It's just a totally natural human instinct that like when I feel threatened, I want to find something to control. And the easiest thing to control is the person across the table from me, right? So I'm going to try and control you in all kinds of ways. I'm going to tell you what topics we can talk about. I'm not going to talk about that. I'm not going to talk about your mother, right? I'm going to try and control the timing. I only have five minutes for this conversation. Like after five minutes, I'm taking off.

I'm going to try and control your emotions. Oh, you're upset about that? You shouldn't be upset about that. That's not something worthy of being upset about. When I try and control you, you feel like I'm taking power from you. Yes. So what do I need to do? Because I have this instinct to control, as do you. We need to find things that we can control together. This is what makes an argument a good argument. Okay, give me an example. So first of all, we're

We start fighting at two o'clock in the morning about like, you know, and I say, look, this is really important. I think we need to work this through. Can we wait until 10 o'clock tomorrow and like both get a good night's sleep and we'll be well rested and had some breakfast? Is it, is that okay? Right now we're controlling the environment together. And this is also a tactic you can use if somebody is doing the controlling arguing with you. Absolutely. Absolutely. Okay. Another tactic is that we can control the parameters of the argument. Let

Look, if it's okay, let's talk about where we're going for Thanksgiving. I know that there's some issues with my mom and your mom, and there's issues about money. Let's just set those aside for right now, if it's okay, and just focus on Thanksgiving because we need to make a decision. Now we're controlling the boundaries of the argument together. And finally, there's some element of trying to control ourselves. If I have an instinct for control...

If I use that for self-control, then it makes me feel better, right? If I think to myself, you know, I could really lay into him right now, but I'm not going to. I'm not going to. I'm going to remember what I heard on Mel's podcast. I'm going to ask a deep question. I'm going to prove I'm listening. Suddenly, we feel better. We feel better about ourselves.

Because we're controlling ourselves. We love exerting self-control. It feels good. It feels virtuous. Yeah. And so instead of me trying to control you, Mel, you got to agree with me. We're not going to talk about that. Yes. Instead, what I'm going to do is I'm going to find stuff we can control together. And most importantly, I'm going to say, you know what? I'm the kind of person who can have a conversation like this without using that toxic voice.

I'm going to control myself and I'm going to feel good about it. Or what my family says to me, happy to have this conversation with you when you're not this emotional. Okay. You're right. You're right. You're right. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. Yeah. There's three rules that the research says we should do when we are going to have an argument with someone and arguments can be really healthy. I'm sure you argue with your husband sometimes, right? I argue with my wife. Sometimes we argue with our best friends.

That arguing is because we care about something and because we want them to understand what we care about. So the argument itself is not necessarily a problem. It's when we have the argument incorrectly that it can become toxic. Okay.

So here's the three rules. Number one, you and I, okay, dad got divorced and I want to talk to him about it. And I know it's going to be a big, like beat down argument. Oh yeah. Cause he's got now got this new person. He has a whole new life. He does not spend time with us. Like the whole thing. Step one, I'm going to start that conversation by acknowledging that this might be uncomfortable.

I'm going to say to you, dad, I want to talk to you about something. And let me just say at the outset, I don't think this is going to necessarily be an easy conversation. And I don't, I think that we're going to disagree with each other, but I want you to know that my relationship with you is important enough.

that I want to have this conversation and I want to understand why you're making the choices you're making. And I want you to understand how I see them, but it, it might be, it might be a little uncomfortable. It might be a little awkward, but that's okay. Cause it's important enough to me to have the conversation. Why would you tell them it's going to be a hard cover? Like to me, cause as you're saying that to me and I'm thinking about being the dad,

I'm like, I don't want to have a hard conversation with you. I'd rather just not talk about this and pretend everything's okay. You see what I'm saying? Why does this work based on the research? What the research tells us is that when I acknowledge the discomfort, it starts to lessen it, right? All of a sudden, like imagine if you're talking to someone and you say, hey, look, I got to give you some bad news, right? And then you give them bad news. That doesn't mean that the bad news is any less bad, but it actually means that it's easier to hear because someone's prepared for it.

The thing that makes us avoid conversations is anxiety about the unknown. I'm going to bring up this issue with Mel and I don't know how she's going to respond. I'm going to talk to my dad about his new girlfriend and I don't know if he's going to fly off the handle or if he's going to tell me all these intimate details I don't want to know about my dad, right? So the way that I make that conversation easier is I start it by saying, this might be awkward, but then...

Then I do the second step, which is I announce my goal for this conversation and I ask you what your goal is. And I'm going to tell you what I want out of this conversation and I'm going to ask you what you want out of this conversation. And the reason why that's really important is because it helps us stay focused on what matters and not get distracted by all the fights we could have. And

And oftentimes that goal that I'm saying is a goal that we share, right? If I say to you, dad, I want to talk about this. I know it's going to be awkward, but our relationship is so important to me that I want to understand. And I want you to understand how I see the world.

What I'm saying is my goal here is to preserve our relationship. So let's take the example of dad and mom get divorced. Dad now has brand new girlfriend, whole new lease on life. The girlfriend is moseying in. You don't even recognize your father. You're mad about the way the girlfriend's taking control of everything. How do you start that conversation with your father? So dad, I want to talk to you about something that's been bothering me for a little while. And this might be a little bit of an awkward conversation. And I just want to

acknowledge that and say it's okay because what's most important to me is this about cindy yes it's about cindy but it's actually about you and me like i want our relationship is so important to me i want to figure out i want to understand what's going on in your life but i also want you to understand how i see the world because my goal here is that i really you're my dad like i want i want this relationship to be as strong as it as it was before before the divorce

And let me ask you before we get into it, if we're going to talk about Cindy, what, what do you want? Like, what do you want me to carry away? What do you, what's important to you that, that I understand about your relationship with Cindy? Well, I want you guys to stop attacking her and I want you to stop judging me and I want you to let me live my life.

Perfect. So now we know our goals, right? My goal is to- But you hear how am I like- Absolutely, absolutely. You're getting riled up and that's okay. That's natural because I already said, we might get, this might be a little bit awkward. I've given you permission. The fact that you're getting riled up, that I'm getting riled up, that doesn't mean the conversation's a failure. That means that the conversation's operating the way it's supposed to be. And I already said, it might be a hard conversation. But do you say anything about the emotion? Of course, of course. So what do you say? And at that moment, I'm going to say-

Look, what I hear you saying, I'm going to do this looping for understanding. Look, what I hear you saying is I hear you saying that you want me and Cindy to get along with each other and that that's really important to you. Am I getting that right? Am I hearing you correctly? Yes. And I'd like you guys to stop judging her. Like she's really come in and I'm much happier and, you know, she's helping me do a bunch of things. And, you know, you guys are all just kind of like not accepting. What I hear you saying is that you're offended.

You're offended by how we're treating your girlfriend, that you think that we're treating her like she's not a member of this family and you believe that she is a member of this family. You care about her. Exactly. Okay. So I hear that. Now, let me tell you from my perspective why I might have come across that way. My model for what a marriage should be was you and mom. And when you guys got divorced, it kind of rocked my world. It made me question everything.

And then for Cindy to come in like a replacement, it makes me worry that someday I'll be married and my husband might divorce me and he'll replace me without any problem. I think for me, Cindy, she's not just your girlfriend. She's someone who's trying to be my mom. And I don't want that. I already have a mom.

As you started to acknowledge it, and then you even did this thing where you said, I can understand how she would feel that way, and I'll acknowledge my part. I literally felt myself, even though we were role-playing, just start to drop the shoulders. What the research tells us is that if I acknowledge that what you're saying, that I see the validity in it, if I acknowledge that I'm listening to you, if I try and prove to you that I'm listening to you,

your fight or flight instincts will decrease. And once those fight or flight instincts decrease, you can start using the prefrontal cortex, the powerful part of your brain that doesn't respond emotionally to everything, but thinks things through a little bit logically. It combines emotion and logic.

So you asked, do I need to mention that this is an emotional conversation? If I'm talking to my dad and I say, dad, you seem really emotional about this. That's not going to go over well, right? There's no dad who wants his child saying you seem really emotional. But I can say the equivalent thing by saying, what I hear you saying is that you're really offended by how we're treating Cindy and that that hurts you and it hurts her.

What I've just said is I've just said, this sounds like it's an emotional conversation. We need to talk about the emotions, but without using the word emotions, which might turn you off. So I want to understand the difference between seeking to understand and connect on topics where we have a violent disagreement in terms of our opinions and our feelings about things versus agreeing.

With that opinion, using these tools to connect and seek an understanding versus agreeing with that opinion. So here's, here's the two things to keep in your mind. Okay. Number one is you don't have to have any conversation you don't want to have. If you and your brother-in-law disagree about the Mets versus the Yankees, and it gets really, really tense. Yes.

don't bring up the Mets and the Yankees. Like there's so much other stuff that you have in common with your brother-in-law. There's so many other things you can talk about. You never have to have a conversation that you don't want to have. That's the first thing. So is there a way to also say to somebody,

I don't want to talk politics with you. Yeah. Because we can't do it in a way that's constructive. Absolutely. You say exactly that. You say that. You say that. You say, look, I know that we're voting for different people. There's other stuff I want to ask you about. Like, I don't want to talk about politics because we're just going to get bogged down in disagreeing with each other. Is it okay if we talk about what's on TV or what we should do for Thanksgiving? Right?

But now let's say you're in a situation, it's your dad and he's got a new girlfriend, where you don't feel like you can avoid the topic. It's a conversation you have to have. Okay. At that moment, the thing to recognize is there is absolutely no way that I am going to change your mind by telling you you are wrong. In fact, there's study after study shows the more evidence that I give you,

the more ingrained your opinion becomes. There's actually a chapter in the book about bringing together people who were gun control advocates and gun rights enthusiasts, right? What they found is if you use these three steps, right? You ask deep questions. You prove that you're listening. You try and figure out, is this an emotional conversation or a practical or a social conversation? When people were taught how to use those skills...

What they found is that even people who completely disagreed with each other, who continued disagreeing with each other on the guns issue, they found all these other things that they had in common, right? Oh, you want to take guns away because you're worried about your kids, right?

I actually want to give, have guns in society because I think it keeps my kids safe. So you're both worried about kids. We both are worried about kids. We both, and we might, we disagree about the path to helping our kids out, but we have the same goal. The same goal is that we both want to create a better world for our children where they're safe. And by the way,

This thing that we have in common, now that I know that we're on the same side of the table for what the end goal is, and now that I know that you're listening to me, I'm going to listen to you when you say, you know what? I see what you're saying about making sure that guns are available for hunting so that we can go with our families. We can have these special moments. Your sons learn and your daughters learn hunting techniques.

From my perspective, because I don't hunt, I'm worried about kids bringing guns into school. That gun rights enthusiast, he's going to say, yeah, yeah, no, I don't want guns in schools either. The guns don't belong in schools. That's not responsible.

So suddenly now we're in that gray area. We found something that we both agree on. So that does not mean that all of a sudden you're in favor of gun control and that I'm in favor of everyone else having a weapon. We haven't changed our minds. We can still take principled stands, but we can also find that gray area. We can find that place where we both have questions. We both wonder, am I right? Am I wrong? And as we work on those questions together, we become a team.

And we walk away disagreeing, but we also walk away feeling connected. I am glad that we're having this conversation because I personally believe when I think about my own family, like we are like probably everybody else's family, a massive diverse spectrum of opinions. But if we all get together and people aren't drinking too much or too emotional,

we kind of agree on 80% of things. Yeah. And the truth of the matter is it's still true, except that now there's so many pressures to make us ignore that 80% and to focus on the 20%. Yes. And it feels like everything's been hijacked by headlines and bots and people screaming into microphones. And we have forgotten how much we have in common. Absolutely. And how reasonable most people are when they feel listened to

And when you can find this common thing to work on together. And what I love that you're giving us is if you want to be closer,

to your dad, if you want to stay connected to your grandmother, if you want, and again, I say want because you get to choose. Yeah. If your sister-in-law has a point of view about an issue that makes you feel that she has rejected who you are as a person or who you love, you do not have to have a relationship with her. She's never going to approve of me and I'm never going to approve of her. And that's okay. That's okay. But at least I've

Use the tools. I don't have to be emotional or offended by it. You have shown me exactly who you are. Let her. And I am going to let me spend my time and energy

putting it into relationships with people who literally are wanting to connect, are wanting to see each other's point of view, are wanting to be thinking about things and problem solving and be more reasonable instead of so inflammatory and emotional and righteous about their opinions. You never have to have a conversation you don't want to have. You know, Charles, a lot of listeners wrote in with questions about

How do you talk to people in your life about the smaller stuff? You know, we got the dog because you wanted the dog, but now I'm taking care of the dog. Right. You don't pick up after yourself. I'm on a Zoom call. You're talking loudly in the background. Like, how do you use these tools to bring up the small things that actually start to become really irritating? Yeah. So I think the first thing to do is to help the other person understand if this is a small thing or a big thing.

Right? So you never walk the dog. That seems like a small thing. But to me, that actually means that you see my time as less valuable than your time. Right? This isn't actually a practical question about who should walk the dog. This is an emotional question that I feel like it's disrespectful to just assume that I'm going to walk the dog when it's your dog.

Now, suddenly, we're talking about something that's real, but it's probably not just about the dog. This is probably something that exists in many parts of our relationship. And now we're getting it on the table and we're fleshing it out. If there's something that bothers you and you say, oh, it's such a small thing. If it was a small thing, it wouldn't bother you that much. Right?

Good point. Yeah, how my wife turns on her turn signal is a really small thing. It really doesn't bother me that much. She does it differently than me. She turns on the turn signal a lot earlier than I do, but it's not a big deal. It doesn't really bother me. On the other hand, if there is something that is bothering me, it's not a small thing. The thing I'm focused on might be small, but there's an underlying reason under the reason that I have to get onto the table.

And that means I have to have a conversation with myself sometimes. I have to sit down and I have to say, why is this bothering me so much? What's really going on here? How do I explain this to my husband? Why it bugs me so much that I have to walk the dog, which doesn't seem like a big deal. That's what relationships are.

It's so good because every time Chris and I have one of those small things that starts to simmer, it's the same thing underneath. Yeah. Like you don't value my time or you think my job is to clean up after you and do all this stuff. That's exactly right. And I assume you don't want me to feel that way. So how can we get on the same page here about this? Yeah.

And it might very well be that Chris says, oh, I do value your time. I didn't even realize that you were seeing this issue about dog walking in this broader context.

Like now that I understand what the dog walking represents to you, I'll walk the dog. Like this isn't, this is legit an issue in my marriage. And by the way, I'm the bad one. Chris is the one who didn't want another dog. He's the one who's taking care of them. And I know that this is an issue and because I want to stay connected and because we've had a conversation about it and I know the deeper issue is about feeling valued and

that I make more of an expert because it doesn't matter that much to me who's doing what. Exactly. But that's why it always falls to Chris. But it matters a lot to him because it represents something. And simply having that conversation diffuses the tension from it. Oh, it's so true. Charles, I'm curious, what's one conversation you need to have right now

you're not having. And I'm going to invite you as you're listening and spending time with Charles and I to answer that for yourself too. One conversation you need to have right now that you're not having. So I'll answer that in two ways if it's okay. Yeah. The first is my dad passed away about seven years ago. And anyone who's lost a parent knows what happens afterwards, which is you go to the funeral and then you come back to work and people say, oh, where were you next last week? And you say, oh, my dad passed away.

And they say, my condolences. I'm so sorry. And then they go on to something else. And in that moment, when that happened to me, after I came back to New York from the funeral that was in New Mexico, where I grew up, if somebody had said to me, oh, I'm so sorry. What was your dad like? Like, tell me about him. I would have loved that.

Because it's all I'd been thinking about for the last three weeks is who my dad was and what my relationship was to him. It was the most biggest thing in my mind, what the funeral was like, how the eulogies made me feel. For someone just to ask that question would have been so powerful. And so one of the conversations that I don't have enough, that I need to have,

is that when somebody expresses what they're feeling, when somebody expresses a vulnerability, when someone tells you that something's going on in their life and we shy away from it because we don't want to say the wrong thing or we're worried that it's going to be awkward or we don't know what we'll say next, we should lean into that conversation. And all we have to do is just ask a question. What was your dad like? Tell me about him. That's the first kind of conversation that I need to have more of. And the second kind of conversation is I need to have more conversations with myself.

We think about conversations as something that happened with other people, but some of the most important conversations, some of the prerequisites to having those really powerful conversations we talked about is having a conversation with myself to understand what I want, what I need, what my goal in talking to my dad or to my dad's girlfriend, what my goal actually is. Because oftentimes we just plow into them without thinking about it ahead of time. But if we stop and we think...

I want to have a conversation with myself about why this bothers me so much. That's when suddenly we can connect with anyone and we can do anything. What an answer. No, seriously. Thank you. Absolutely beautiful and life-changing. What are your parting words? You know, when I started writing this book, I thought that the best communicators, super communicators...

that they were people who had been born with something special, right? They had the gift of the gab or they were extroverts or they were really confident. And what I've learned through the research is that that's not true at all. In fact, if you talk to the best conversationalists, the best communicators, what they'll tell you inevitably is that there was a time when they were terrible at it. They'll say things like, I had real trouble making friends in high school. I had to study how kids talk to each other. My parents got divorced when I was young and I had to be the peacemaker between them.

The most important idea that I've learned is that anyone can become a super communicator. Anyone can be great at communicating. Anyone can connect with anyone else. The key is you simply need to want to and to practice the skills to make it happen. And if you do that, your brain will make them into habits and you will be able to connect with anyone that you want to. You are such a gift.

Charles, thank you. Thank you. Thank you for being here. Thank you for teaching us everything that you taught us today. Thank you for sharing all this research. I can think of three conversations I need to have. I am sending this episode to everybody in my contact list because I do believe with my whole heart that everything that you just taught us today and shared with us

will help us connect with people, will help us bridge the divide, will help us influence the way that people think about topics where we disagree. And for that, I will be forever grateful. Thank you so much. And thank you for everything you do. This has been such a treat for me.

Oh my gosh. Well, thank you. And I also want to thank you. Thank you for taking the time to listen to this conversation, to really lean into it. Thank you for sharing it with people that you care about. This is the perfect thing to share with somebody that you need to have a

a conversation with. And in case nobody else tells you, I also wanted to say, I love you. I believe in you. And I believe in your ability to create a better life and everything that you learned today and the skills that you can build and the tools that you can use out of this research and this conversation will absolutely help you do that because staying connected to people that you care about is part of creating a better life. Alrighty. I will see you in the very next episode. I'll be waiting to welcome you in the moment you hit play.

All right. You ready? Here we go. All right. Oh, got it. Okay, great. Great, great. This is a great space. Thank you. Did you guys build this? This is like a home renovation project. I literally, we had no idea what we were doing, but we'll do it in CAD next time. So we're getting there because I'm loud. That's why.

You are so good at this. Like, you're amazing. It's really, like, the fact that you, like, were able to vocalize, like, that's so powerful. Like, as a listener, that's so powerful to, like, hear this friend talk. You're wonderful. This was so much fun. Oh, well, thank you. You've been interviewed by a ton of people. No, but I feel like I learn a lot just by watching you do this. We good? Okay. Oh, good. Good. Fantastic.

Oh, and one more thing. And no, this is not a blooper. This is the legal language. You know what the lawyers write and what I need to read to you.

This podcast is presented solely for educational and entertainment purposes. I'm just your friend. I am not a licensed therapist. And this podcast is not intended as a substitute for the advice of a physician, professional coach, psychotherapist, or other qualified professional. Got it? Good. I'll see you in the next episode. Sirius XM Podcasts.

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