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cover of episode Dexter Filkins Reports on the Border Crisis

Dexter Filkins Reports on the Border Crisis

2023/12/29
logo of podcast The New Yorker Radio Hour

The New Yorker Radio Hour

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Dexter Filkins: 自拜登总统上任以来,已有400多万人涌入美国与墨西哥边境,其中150万人被边境巡逻队发现但未被逮捕。移民来自世界各地,不仅限于墨西哥,他们的背景各异。边境墙并不能完全阻止非法移民,只要越过河流踏上美国领土,就能进入美国。特朗普政府的强硬言论和疫情导致2020年边境移民人数下降,而拜登政府相对宽松的政策则导致移民人数激增。美国的移民系统陈旧且低效,申请庇护的人需要等待数年才能获得听证,整个系统充斥着各种瓶颈和权宜之计。许多移民都有着逃离暴力、迫护和贫困的悲惨故事,他们的旅程充满艰辛。2013年,参议院曾试图进行移民改革,但由于众议院的阻挠而失败。特朗普改变了共和党对移民的立场,导致两党在移民问题上的分歧加剧。德尔里奥市在2021年因大量移民涌入而面临巨大压力,市长甚至因此辞职。法院裁决限制了对未成年移民的拘留时间,导致更多未成年移民涌入边境。拜登政府最初试图扭转特朗普的移民政策,但后来采取了更强硬的措施,例如实施类似特朗普政府的“过境禁令”和“留在墨西哥”政策。寻求庇护的移民通常会收到一张纸条,指示他们在到达目的地城市后向移民局报到,但实际等待时间可能长达数年。佛罗里达州的SB 1718法案要求雇主核实员工的公民身份,这与1986年移民系统改革的经验教训相悖。“开放边境”的说法并不准确,美国边境并非完全开放,政府仍在执行严格的执法措施。边境危机凸显了美国在维护自身人性和解决移民问题方面的挑战,解决这一问题需要耗费巨资,并且需要两党的共同努力。 David Remnick: 引导访谈,提出问题,并对Filkins的观点进行总结和回应。

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Dexter Filkins describes his experience at the U.S.-Mexico border, witnessing the scale and magnitude of the migrant crisis, and the overwhelming numbers of people crossing.

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Dexter Filkins has reported on conflict situations around the world, and recently spent months reporting on the situation at the U.S.-Mexico border. In a piece) published earlier this year, Filkins tries to untangle how conditions around the globe, an abrupt change in executive direction from Trump to Biden, and an antiquated immigration system have created a chaotic situation. “It’s difficult to appreciate the scale and the magnitude of what’s happening there unless you see it,” Filkins tells David Remnick. Last year, during a surge at the border, local jurisdictions struggled to provide humanitarian support for thousands of migrants, leading Democratic politicians to openly criticize the Administration. While hard-liners dream of a wall across the two-thousand-mile border, “they can’t build a border wall in the middle of a river,” Filkins notes. “So if you can get across the river, and you can get your foot on American soil, that’s all you need to do.” Migrants surrendering to Border Patrol and requesting asylum then enter a yearslong limbo as their claims work through an overburdened system. The last major overhaul of the immigration system took place in 1986, Filkins explains, and with Republicans and Democrats perpetually at loggerheads, there is no will to fix a system that both sides acknowledge as broken. 

This segment originally aired June 16, 2023.