cover of episode America's Factory Reset with Adam Tooze and Sohrab Ahmari

America's Factory Reset with Adam Tooze and Sohrab Ahmari

2025/3/20
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The Weekly Show with Jon Stewart

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A
Adam Tooze
一位多才多艺的经济学家和历史教授,通过广受欢迎的播客和专栏深入解析全球经济和政治问题。
J
Jon Stewart
S
Sohrab Ahmari
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Adam Tooze: 我认为当前美国经济的重塑尝试,与其说是对经济模式的根本性转变,不如说是对现有经济模式的一种表面修饰。历史经验表明,一个像美国这样发达和富裕的社会,几乎不可能逆转服务业、工业部门和农业之间的既有关系结构。虽然技术进步是驱动产业结构变化的关键因素,但危机和新技术的引入只是改变了资本和劳动力在既定技术框架下交易的条件。新政并没有改变美国经济中工业部门的占比,直到60年代后期,技术快速发展和全球劳动力再分配才导致了这一占比的变化。当前的政策试图复制20世纪50年代美国中产阶级的生活方式,却没有复制当时强大的工会力量这一先决条件。美国可以重点发展某些特定行业,例如芯片制造,但这不应该被误认为是整个社会或经济的整体愿景。 Sohrab Ahmari: 我同意Adam的观点,即特朗普和拜登政府在经济政策上存在延续性,都试图改变美国的政治经济,但他们的措施不足以解决问题。美国成为工业强国并非不可避免,而是政府政策的结果。然而,当前的政策只关注关税,忽略了其他重要因素,例如金融体系对实体经济的服务,以及基础设施建设。制造业对国家安全和经济独立至关重要,美国在疫情期间的经验证明了这一点。美国历史上最低的贫富差距时期与以工业为主导的经济相吻合,而从20世纪70年代开始,美国偏向金融业而非实体经济。虽然自动化会限制制造业就业人数的增长,但现有制造业工作仍然值得保护,不仅具有经济意义,还具有国家安全意义。打破企业对廉价劳动的依赖,将迫使企业提高工资或进行创新。

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As the Trump administration pursues a dramatic economic realignment, we're joined by Adam Tooze, author of *Chartbook *on Substack, and Sohrab Ahmari, US Editor of UnHerd and author of Tyranny, Inc., to examine the feasibility and implications of an American industrial revival. We analyze the administration's strategy for reshoring manufacturing, debate whether reversing globalization is possible or desirable, and consider what economic nationalism would accomplish for a workforce that has largely moved beyond factory jobs.  

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Host/Executive Producer – Jon Stewart

Executive Producer – James Dixon

Executive Producer – Chris McShane

Executive Producer – Caity Gray

Lead Producer – Lauren Walker

Producer – Brittany Mehmedovic 

Video Editor & Engineer – Rob Vitolo

Audio Editor & Engineer – Nicole Boyce

Researcher & Associate Producer – Gillian Spear

Music by Hansdle Hsu

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