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cover of episode 525: Humans vs Neanderthals | When Monsters Were Real and We Were Their Prey

525: Humans vs Neanderthals | When Monsters Were Real and We Were Their Prey

2024/1/22
logo of podcast The Why Files: Operation Podcast

The Why Files: Operation Podcast
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主持人：本节目讲述了人类早期进化过程中与尼安德特人长达数十万年的冲突，以及这场冲突如何塑造了现代人类。节目中提到，早期智人并非食物链顶端，而是尼安德特人的猎物，生活在恐惧和暴力之中。尼安德特人比早期智人更强大、更快、更聪明，对人类造成了世代相传的心理创伤。尼安德特人曾统治欧洲、中东和亚洲，是当时世界上的顶级掠食者，他们以肉食为主，甚至以早期智人为食。节目还详细介绍了从南方古猿到直立人的早期人类进化历程，以及他们在饮食、工具使用和社会结构方面的演变。智人并非直接从直立人进化而来，海德堡人进化出了智人和另外一个物种，暴力是影响人类世界的重要因素。在20万年前，地球上同时存在多种不同的人类物种，最终只剩下智人和尼安德特人。尼安德特人拥有强大的力量和战斗能力，能够轻松击败多个智人，将智人视为重要的资源，既作为食物，也作为交配对象。考古证据表明智人和尼安德特人之间存在长期的部落战争。在长达10万年的时间里，尼安德特人一直压制着智人。尼安德特人与智人发生过杂交，但这种杂交并非自愿的。大约8万年前，尼安德特人征服了中东地区，智人被迫躲藏在地下城市中。坎帕尼亚-伊格尼姆布里特火山爆发导致了尼安德特人的灭绝，智人则在地下避难。尼安德特人的基因对智人的免疫系统和适应能力产生了积极影响。节目最后总结了智人最终战胜尼安德特人，成为地球的顶级掠食者的过程，并提到了一个理论，认为尼安德特人进化成了大脚怪。

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Humans are the apex predator. Not an apex predator. The apex predator. Other than a handful of bacteria and viruses, there’s pretty much nothing stronger, more intelligent, or more adaptable than Homo sapiens. 

Telling the human story from the beginning is difficult.   It was a time when two words defined our world: fear and violence. It was a time when we were not the apex predator; we were their prey.

We emerged from our caves during the day. Hoping we wouldn’t be hunted by the monsters in the woods.

So vicious were these monsters they still live in our myths -- and our nightmares. They created a generational trauma embedded into our DNA over hundreds of thousands of years of evolution. 

These creatures were stronger, faster, and (when it came to combat) more intelligent than we were. It’s a miracle any of us are even here. 

This is the story of how modern humans conquered the monsters and won the battle for the world.

But here's the thing: those fearsome monsters defeated by humans? Were other humans.