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cover of episode Abortion Before Roe

Abortion Before Roe

2025/6/19
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Carissa Halgeberg
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Carol Jaffe
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Leslie Regan
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Leslie Wiegand
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Michelle Goodwin
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Leslie Regan: 我认为人们对1973年堕胎合法化之前的堕胎存在误解，认为堕胎从未存在过，而且一直都是非法的。但事实并非如此。在殖民时期和美国早期，堕胎在普通法下是合法的，直到19世纪末才被定为犯罪。像Madam Marstel这样的人在早期很兴旺，而且她并没有隐瞒自己的业务，她非常富有，在纽约市很显眼。 Michelle Goodwin: 随着产科的专业化，医生们对助产士表现出漠视和不安全感。他们试图通过控制堕胎市场来获利，并将助产士诽谤为不卫生、不道德和无知。 Leslie Wiegand: 在过去数万年里，分娩和怀孕都在女性的领域内。在19世纪初，随着越来越多的男性医生进入产房，这种持续了数千年的动态开始发生变化。有男性在产房里会让人感到尴尬，特别是那些没有见过分娩的新医生。新医生的一些做法会遭到年长女性的反对。 Carissa Halgeberg: 人们对堕胎的反对存在误解，实际上，宗教或道德上的反对是相对较新的。堕胎是如何从个人决定变成国家关注的？斯托勒以美国医学协会主席的名义写信，反对堕胎，并使用道德语言。他认为，从受孕的那一刻起，孩子就是活着的。 Carol Jaffe: 很难确定有多少非法堕胎，估计每年有20万到120万例。有经济能力的白人妇女可以花钱找更有经验的人堕胎，而非裔美国妇女更有可能最终落入所谓的“黑市屠夫”手中。

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Abortion wasn't always controversial. In fact, in colonial America it would have been considered a fairly common practice: a private decision made by women, and aided mostly by midwives. But in the mid-1800s, a small group of physicians set out to change that. Obstetrics was a new field, and they wanted it to be their domain—meaning, the domain of men and medicine. Led by a zealous young doctor named Horatio Storer, they launched a campaign to make abortion illegal in every state, spreading a potent cloud of moral righteousness and racial panic that one historian later called "the physicians' crusade." And so began the century of criminalization. This episode originally ran as Before Roe: The Physicians' Crusade.Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoices)NPR Privacy Policy)