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War Crimes

2025/5/22
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Throughline

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David Bosco
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Madeleine Albright
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Michael Bryant
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Michael Bryant: 作为历史和法律研究教授,我认为战争罪行的概念随着时代发展而不断演变。古埃及人将战争中的暴力视为神圣的正当行为,但现代国际法试图通过编纂战争规则来限制战争的恐怖。李伯法典是现代战争法的开端,但它也允许以军事必要性为名规避规则。纽伦堡审判是一个重要的转折点,它推动了国际刑事法院的建立,但同时也存在胜利者审判失败者的问题。即使在今天,大国仍然试图影响国际刑事法院的运作,使其服务于自身的政治利益。 David Bosco: 作为《粗略正义》的作者,我认为战争罪行是在武装冲突期间犯下的严重罪行,包括虐待战俘、攻击平民和使用酷刑等。国际刑事法院的建立是为了追究个人对战争罪行的责任,但它面临着资源有限和政治干预等挑战。美国对国际刑事法院的态度复杂,一方面支持国际刑事司法,另一方面又担心受到自身的审查。国际刑事法院需要做出艰难的决定,优先处理哪些情况,并尽可能透明地开展工作。 Ramteen Arablui & Randa Abdel-Fattah: 我们在 NPR 的 ThruLine 节目中,试图追溯现代社会定义和起诉战争罪行的尝试。从美国内战到两次世界大战,再到海牙的法庭,我们看到战争罪行的概念在不断演变,国际社会也在不断努力建立一个更公正和人道的战争法体系。 Madeleine Albright: 真相是法治的基石,它将指向个人,而不是人民,作为战争罪行的肇事者。

Deep Dive

Chapters
This chapter explores the origin of war crimes, starting from ancient Egyptian mythology to the U.S. Civil War. It discusses how the concept of war crimes evolved from divine justification of violence to the Lieber Code, the first modern legal framework defining acceptable conduct in war.
  • Ancient Egyptians justified violence through mythology.
  • The Lieber Code, created during the U.S. Civil War, was the first comprehensive legal framework for war.
  • The code distinguished between partisans and guerrillas, impacting how combatants were treated.
  • Military necessity was a key factor in the Lieber Code's interpretation.

Shownotes Transcript

On today's episode, we travel from the battlefields of the U.S. Civil War, through the rubble of two world wars, to the hallways of the Hague, to see how the modern world has tried to define — and prosecute — war crimes. This episode originally aired at "The Rules of War" in 2024. To access bonus episodes and listen to Throughline sponsor-free, subscribe to Throughline+ via Apple Podcasts or at plus.npr.org/throughline.Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoices)NPR Privacy Policy)