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Christopher Tyerman
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George W. Bush
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John Dixon
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John Dixon:第一次十字军东征以阿克萨清真寺的残酷大屠杀告终,这场屠杀的规模和残忍程度令人震惊,即使在取得军事胜利后,其暴行也无法被掩盖。后来的十字军东征也未能取得显著的军事成功,反而暴露出其战略上的失误和内部的冲突。十字军东征的历史遗产是复杂的,既有物质层面的影响,也有精神层面的影响,其负面影响尤为突出,至今仍对现代世界产生影响。 Ramond of Aguierre:作为第一次十字军东征的领导者之一,Ramond of Aguierre的描述生动地展现了耶路撒冷屠杀的残酷场景,其文字中充满了暴力的细节和对上帝的颂扬,这反映了当时十字军士兵的狂热心态和对异教徒的仇恨。 Christopher Tyerman:对十字军东征的成功与失败进行了全面的分析,指出其军事上的失败以及在政治和宗教层面的影响。他认为十字军东征的终结并非由于欧洲世俗化和和平主义的兴起,而是由于基督教内部对十字军东征的批判和改革运动。他还探讨了穆斯林世界对十字军东征的不同叙事,从早期的愤怒和反抗到后来的受害者意识和对西方霸权的抵制。 George W. Bush:布什总统在911事件后使用“十字军”一词,引发了争议,突显了该词的敏感性及其在不同文化背景下的不同解读,也反映了十字军东征的历史遗产在现代政治中的复杂性。 John Dixon: 十字军东征是一段复杂的历史时期,既有其宗教和政治背景,也有其暴力和残酷的一面。我们必须以批判的眼光看待这段历史,理解其对现代世界的影响,避免重蹈覆辙。

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The brutal end of the First Crusade marked the recapture of Jerusalem and the Holy Lands, but the question remains why subsequent crusades were necessary.

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This is the second part of our two-part series on the Crusades. For Part One, click here.)

A brutal slaughter at the Al Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem marked the end of the first crusade. The Crusaders had recaptured Jerusalem and the Holy Lands. They had regained control and care of The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, probably medieval Christianity’s most sacred site, built over what was believed to be Jesus’ empty tomb. 

Their job was done and most of the crusaders packed up and went home, bolstered in their belief that God had been with them and seized their victory. Job done! 

So, why the need for a 2nd Crusade? Or a 3rd, 4th or 5th for that matter? 

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