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cover of episode The building blocks of the universe

The building blocks of the universe

2021/12/22
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Unexplainable

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Noam Hassenfeld
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Noam Hassenfeld: 本集节目回顾了Vera Rubin对暗物质的开创性研究,以及近期费米实验室μ子g-2实验带来的新线索。Rubin通过观测星系边缘恒星的高速运动,推断出存在大量看不见的物质——暗物质,其引力影响着星系的旋转。这一发现颠覆了人们对宇宙构成的认知,揭示了宇宙中大部分物质是暗物质。几十年来,科学家们一直在寻找暗物质粒子,但仍未找到。 费米实验室的实验则为寻找暗物质提供了新的方向。该实验发现μ子的摆动幅度比标准模型预测的要大,这可能暗示着存在超出标准模型的新粒子或新物理现象,例如轻夸克、超对称粒子或一种新的力。这些发现都指向了我们对宇宙的理解还存在巨大的空白,需要进一步的研究来探索。 Brian Resnick: 暗物质是看不见、摸不着的粒子,它穿透普通物质,难以探测。科学家们在地下深处进行实验,试图捕捉暗物质粒子与普通物质原子核碰撞产生的微弱信号。然而,几十年来,这些实验都没有取得突破性进展。除了寻找暗物质粒子,科学家们也考虑了另一种可能性:我们的引力理论可能需要修正。 Jessica Esquivel: 费米实验室的μ子g-2实验发现μ子的摆动幅度比标准模型预测的要大,这表明标准模型可能并不完整,存在超出标准模型的新粒子或新物理现象。μ子在磁场中会像陀螺一样旋转,而这种额外的摆动可能是由一些未知的粒子或力引起的。 Nashin Shah: μ子g-2实验结果的三种解释:1. 轻夸克:一种新的粒子,可以与μ子和夸克相互作用,甚至将μ子转化为夸克;2. 超对称:每种标准模型粒子都有一个超对称伴侣粒子;3. 新力:一种我们尚未发现的新力,例如电磁力、弱力和强力之外的力。这些新粒子或新力都可能与暗物质有关。

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Vera Rubin's research on dark matter, an invisible substance that makes up most of the universe's matter, led to the discovery that visible matter is just a small fraction of the universe.

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Most of the matter in the universe is dark matter, an invisible, untouchable, mysterious substance. Scientists don’t know what exactly dark matter is, despite decades of searching. But recently, they got a new clue in the form of an extremely tiny dancer.

This episode is a remix of two prior episodes of Unexplainable, which has been airing on broadcast radio through a partnership with American Public Media.

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