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cover of episode Shadow ships: What are they and why do countries use them?

Shadow ships: What are they and why do countries use them?

2025/4/1
logo of podcast What in the World

What in the World

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Amelia Jansson
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Tim Huell
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William Lee Adams
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William Lee Adams: 我将带您了解影子船,它们是从事违反国际制裁的俄罗斯石油运输网络的一部分,其规模不断扩大,对其他船只和环境构成严重威胁。这些船只在国际水域活动,逃避追踪,并被指控从事破坏活动。 Amelia Jansson: 影子船通常是老旧船只,其所有权难以追踪,通常挂靠便利旗国,背后的公司往往是空壳公司。由于西方国家对俄罗斯石油实施价格上限制裁,俄罗斯利用影子船队规避制裁,向其他国家出售石油。影子船的数量众多,对环境和海事安全构成严重威胁。波罗的海国家尤其担忧影子船只造成的环境污染和水下电缆破坏风险。这些国家由于影子船只的保险不足,不得不承担事故造成的损失。 Tim Huell: 我在拉科尼亚湾观察了船对船(STS)石油转运过程。这种在公海进行的转运方式缺乏监管,对环境构成严重风险。 Amelia Jansson: 影子船通过关闭或操纵AIS系统来逃避追踪,这使得碰撞风险增加。它们还被指控通过拖拽锚来破坏水下电缆,对关键基础设施造成损害。船对船转移是影子船队规避制裁的一种常见方式,主要发生在拉科尼亚湾等地,然后经由苏伊士运河运输到其他国家。中国、印度、土耳其、阿联酋和埃及是俄罗斯石油的主要进口国。 对个别影子船只进行制裁成本高昂,增加更多影子船只更容易。解决影子船队问题的方法包括:阻止西方造船商向影子船队出售旧油轮,以及加强军事存在以保护关键基础设施,例如北约的波罗的海哨兵行动。西方船主通过向俄罗斯影子船队出售旧油轮获利。丹麦加强对影子船只的检查,俄罗斯回应称任何对俄罗斯船只的攻击都将被视为对俄罗斯领土的攻击。 没有一个组织能够对全球所有海域拥有管辖权,影子船只的行为破坏了现有的海事规则和法规。

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Shownotes Transcript

In this episode we’re tracing the route of a shadow ship. These ships are part of a network carrying Russian oil around the world - in violation of international sanctions. And some of them have been accused of sabotage, severing undersea cables that connect European countries. The “shadow fleet” is growing in size and posing a risk to other ships and the environment.

BBC journalist Emilia Jansson explains what shadow ships are and what some Scandinavian countries are trying to do about them. And we hear from BBC journalist Tim Whewell who travelled to the Laconian Sea, where shadow ships frequently carry out ship-to-ship transfers of cargo.

Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: [email protected] WhatsApp: +44 330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: William Lee Adams Producers: Emilia Jansson and Julia Ross-Roy Editor: Verity Wilde