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cover of episode The surprising health impact of eating too fast

The surprising health impact of eating too fast

2023/5/18
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ZOE Science & Nutrition

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J
Jonathan Wolf
S
Sarah Berry
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Jonathan Wolf:本期节目讨论了进食速度对健康的影响,研究表明,吃得快的人更容易超重或肥胖,患上代谢综合征、2型糖尿病等疾病的风险也更高。此外,吃得快还会导致消化不良和胃酸反流等问题。虽然目前的研究多为关联性研究,但结果值得关注,并需要进一步研究来确定因果关系。 我们应该关注进食速度,并尝试通过一些方法来减慢进食速度,例如:避免在屏幕前吃饭,吃饭时喝水,少量进食,避免在极度饥饿时进食,以及细嚼慢咽。食物的质地也会影响进食速度,硬质食物通常比软质食物需要更长时间咀嚼。 此外,我们还应该关注食物的种类,富含纤维的食物通常需要更长时间咀嚼,并且对健康更有益。疫情后,在家办公的人可能更容易吃得快,这值得我们关注。 Sarah Berry:吃饭速度会影响健康,不仅仅是体重。大脑需要时间来意识到饱腹感,这需要5到20分钟。吃得快更容易持续进食,即使已经不饿了。缓慢的进食速度可能是遗传的,部分原因是模仿父母的习惯,部分原因是基于父母的饮食习惯做出的食物选择。 吃得快的人每天平均比吃得慢的人多摄入120卡路里,而将进食速度降低20%可以减少约15%的能量摄入。2020年新加坡的一项研究表明,自认为吃得快的人平均体重比吃得慢的人多5公斤,每天多摄入105卡路里,腰围也大3厘米,更容易出现超重和腹部肥胖。 吃得快与心血管代谢健康问题(如心脏病、中风等)有关,也与2型糖尿病风险增加有关,这可能是因为咀嚼更慢会刺激更多的胰岛素释放,从而改善葡萄糖控制。吃得快的人更容易出现消化问题和胃酸反流。 虽然大多数研究是关联性研究,但它们为进一步研究提供了线索。ZOE的数据显示,吃得快的人血糖反应高于吃得慢的人。一项对54名青少年的研究表明,减慢进食速度(每口之间等待30秒)一年后体重显著下降。一项研究发现,女性志愿者减慢进食速度后,平均每天少摄入60卡路里,并且感觉更饱。 将食物咀嚼40次而不是15次可以减少10%以上的卡路里摄入。在每口食物之间放下餐具可以自然地减慢进食速度。食物的质地也会影响进食速度,硬质食物通常比软质食物需要更长时间咀嚼。

Deep Dive

Chapters
Introduction to the concept of eating rate and its potential health impacts, including its relation to weight management and the physiological mechanisms involved.

Shownotes Transcript

We’ve probably all been reprimanded for eating too fast at the dinner table or suffered the dreaded “itis” from eating way too much food at a family gathering. Our society and the systems we’ve developed to feed it have ballooned to such a point that they easily override our natural bodily systems that tell us when we’ve had enough to eat. 

When nearly 50% of the United States population is projected to have obesity by 2030, can something as simple as changing the speed with which we eat really be an effective tool for weight loss and sustaining a healthy body?

In today’s short episode of ZOE Science & Nutrition, Jonathan and Sarah ask: What is eating rate and does it have any impact on our health?

Studies referenced in the episode:

Eating slowly increases the postprandial response of the anorexigenic gut hormones, peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1

- Association between eating rate and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

- Eating too fast may lead to weight gain, heart disease

- Is eating too quickly bad for your health?

- How Important Is Eating Rate in the Physiological Response to Food Intake, Control of Body Weight, and Glycemia?

- A systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effect of eating rate on energy intake and hunger

- Effects of eating rate and eating topography on meal size and satiety

- The effect of eating rate on satiety in healthy and overweight people – A pilot study

- Association between Self-Reported Eating Rate, Energy Intake, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population

Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide)

Episode transcripts are available here).

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