Deep Dive
Why does economist Yao Yang believe that anxiety is a widespread issue in society?
Anxiety is prevalent because people often live in the short term, focusing on immediate challenges rather than long-term goals. Additionally, societal pressures, such as the need to outperform others and the rapid pace of economic changes, contribute to widespread anxiety. Yao Yang also highlights that even high-achieving individuals, like top students at prestigious universities, experience significant anxiety due to internal and external expectations.
What is the 'Rat Race' phenomenon described by Yao Yang?
The 'Rat Race' refers to a competitive environment where individuals constantly strive to outperform others, often driven by societal rewards based on average performance. Yao Yang uses the metaphor of mice on a treadmill, where those in the upper tiers of performance feel compelled to work harder to move into higher groups, leading to a cycle of increased effort and stress for everyone involved.
What does Yao Yang suggest as a solution to reduce societal anxiety in the education system?
Yao Yang advocates for the abolition of the middle school entrance exam (中考分流) to reduce societal anxiety. He argues that the current system is outdated, as the demand for skilled workers now requires higher education, and the majority of students are already pursuing university degrees. He believes that reforming the education system to eliminate unnecessary barriers can help alleviate the pressure on students and families.
How does Yao Yang propose that individuals can find meaning and reduce anxiety in their lives?
Yao Yang suggests that individuals should 'craft a story' for their lives, aligning their personal narratives with societal and historical contexts. He emphasizes the importance of reconciling with society, recognizing one's unique abilities, and redefining success beyond traditional metrics like wealth or status. He believes that finding one's unique place in the world and focusing on personal happiness are key to a fulfilling life.
What is Yao Yang's perspective on the role of businesses in addressing societal issues like age and gender discrimination?
Yao Yang argues that businesses should take the lead in combating age and gender discrimination, particularly the '35-year-old phenomenon' where older employees face workplace biases. He highlights the value of experience and suggests that companies should integrate social responsibility into their core strategies, treating employees fairly and recognizing the contributions of older workers.
- 中国社会普遍存在焦虑情绪，尤其在年轻人中更为突出。
- 焦虑的根源在于“贤能主义”的极致化，以及社会竞争的加剧。
- 内卷现象类似于“老鼠赛跑”（rat race），每个人都在努力争取更好的位置，导致整体竞争压力增大。
Shownotes Transcript
2024年走到尾声。新旧交替之时，我们渴望停下脚步，打捞过往的故事和声音，于喧嚣中倾听和回望，带着沉淀后的眼睛面朝未来。
今日头条、澎湃新闻联合出品《当我们讨论2024时》年度演讲，演讲者有奥运冠军张雨霏、金像奖影后曾美慧孜、复旦教授梁永安、影评家毛尖、作家陈年喜、经济学家姚洋，与三百位观众一同进行一场精神的求索。正片视频请在今日头条、澎湃新闻app上线。
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