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《Shenning Hai's Secret》

China and Japan were allies who were united. In the long-term relationship that lasted for more than 2,000 years, the people of both countries learned from each other and improved their development. In the modern era, China and Japan established diplomatic relations in the 1970s. The Chinese Qing government and the Japanese Ming government signed the "China-Japan Regulation of the Reconstruction of the Constitution" in 1871.

However, the agreement was not yet finalized. Japan, which is on the path of militarism, gradually exposed its ambitions and ambitions for China, Taiwan, and North Korea. Its ultimate goal is to conquer all the territories of China. Why did Japan, which is known to be a new country, sign a deal with the Qing government to fix the agreement? What changes have happened to Li Hongzhang's attitude towards Japan?

为了麻痹蜻蜓,日本方面释放了哪些烟幕弹? 他又找了哪些借口侵略中国的台湾呢? 我是石宁海,本期档案揭秘为您讲述 日本侵华野心的发端

After the Ming and Wei dynasties in 1868, Japan took the path of capitalism through the feudal system that was behind the reform of the West. Using the strong national strength of the Japanese, it gradually abolished the unbalanced treaty signed by the Western forces, and took back the national sovereignty, and got rid of the crisis of the colonization. Later, with the rapid improvement of economic strength and the rapid strengthening of military power, Japan finally took the path of militaristic invasion and expansion. According to Japan's invasion theory,

The conquest of the Korean dynasty was the first step to the conquest of China and Asia, and to the conquest of the world. So, Japan wanted to establish diplomatic relations with Korea and establish diplomatic relations with Korea. But the Japanese government refused the request of the Korean dynasty. So, Japan implemented the so-called "Japan-Korea-Korea-Korea-Korea" policy. In other words, it first opened relations with China, and then used China's huge influence on the Korean dynasty to suppress Korea.

In the end of September 1870, Japanese government representative, foreign affairs minister, Ryōgen Kengo, came to Tianjin from Shanghai, met with the three ministers of the Qing government, Cheng Lin and Li Hongzhang, who had just become the governor-general, and asked to make an appointment with China for business. The next day, Li Hongzhang wrote a letter to the prime minister of all countries, Shibuya, and informed him of the meeting and also proposed his views.

We read from Li Hongzhang's letter that Liu Yuanqian was polite and polite in the meeting, and he was very strict. He said that the United States and other countries should force Japan to cooperate. The Japanese soldiers were bullied by them, and they were not satisfied, and it was difficult to be independent. He said that Japan and China were the closest, and he wanted to cooperate with the two countries.

李鴻章明顯被柳原乾光這番日中聯合共抗西方列強的欺騙說辭打動了 所以在信中讚揚日本說 鴻章前文日本與英法通商立約 簡言特慎 海關不再用西人 傳教不許開禁 及此二節已杜絕多後患

He also asked for Western machines and ships, and also for the military weapons. He did not care about the public interest, and he was concerned about the small country. So Li Hongzhang had a support attitude towards the Sino-Japanese alliance. In the letter, he said, Japan has only three days to go to Suzhou and two provinces, and can be used as an external source. That's it. The few deceitful words of the Japanese envoy made Li Hongzhang think that China should fight against Europe and the United States in a day.

Of course, Li Hongzhang believed that the Qing government and Japan should make another treaty, but it cannot be set according to the treaty between the Qing Dynasty and the Western countries, that is, Japan should not enjoy the special interests of China and the Western powers. At the beginning, Prime Minister Yamen agreed to allow trade with Japan, but did not make a treaty with Japan. But under the influence of Li Hongzhang, he decided to allow Japan to make a treaty with Japan in the second year, that is, in 1871, he sent envoys to China to discuss the agreement. So Japan achieved its original purpose.

Whether to sign a contract with the Japanese business, the Qing government actually has different views. Among them, the Anhui governor Ying Han is firmly opposed to the proposal. To be cautious, Qing Ting issued a memorial to the governor of each province to seek opinions. Li Hongzhang, who has been in charge of foreign negotiations with the Beiyang minister, on January 18, 1871, specifically sent a memorial to Ying Han to trust Prime Minister Yaman, and once again expressed his views.

Li Hongzhang believes that although there were pirates in the Ming Dynasty who invaded China's coast, since the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Japan has rarely disturbed China. Since the Xianfeng Dynasty, China has been unstable inside and outside, but Japan has not taken the opportunity to disturb China, nor has it taken the opportunity to request an unbalanced treaty with China. Therefore, it can be seen that they have no interest in peace.

另外李鸿章还认为, 日本在历史上与朝鲜、越南不同, 不是中国番属国, 因此可与其立约, 以求推成相待, 总不能以作外援, 亦可以稍事廉洁。 而针对英汉对日本会入侵的担忧, 李鸿章反驳说, 日本入侵与否, 似乎不再立约与不立约。 当然,

Li Hongzhang still emphasized that the content of the Sino-Japanese treaty should be different from that of the Western countries. In the end, Li Hongzhang's opinion was approved by Qingting. Qingting asked Li Hongzhang to be prepared to negotiate with Japan. So he ordered Jiang Suniesi, Ying Baoshi, Tianjin Sea-Guan Tao Chen Qin to study the situation in Japan in detail. Due to the preparation of the negotiation, Li Hongzhang also paid more attention to Japan and was worried about Japan, and began to alert Japan's ambition to North Korea.

Because a US merchant ship in 1866 was burned down by North Korea in the North Korean sea. In 1871, the United States sent a warship to North Korea. Li Hongzhang was informed that Japan also intended to send warships to North Korea with the United States. If North Korea disagrees with the trade with Japan, it will be a war. From this, Li Hongzhang realized that Japan had planned to invade North Korea.

Japan had failed to enter North Korea several times in history. Now it may be possible to unite the West to open the door to North Korea. So in the later negotiations with Japan, Li Hongzhang paid close attention to this.

In July 1871, the Japanese Prime Minister Iida, the Great Tibetan Emperor, became the Prime Minister of Japan. He appointed the former Prime Minister of Japan, Liu Yuanqian Guang, as the deputy ambassador. He came to Tianjin to negotiate with the Qing government. The Chinese side appointed Li Hongzhang as the Prime Minister. Ying Baoshu, Chen Qin, and his companions negotiated with the Japanese side. Li Hongzhang's negotiation strategy was to let Ying Baoshu first negotiate with the deputy ambassador of Iida, Liu Yuanqian Guang, and then he would speak with Iida himself.

In the meeting with Yida, Li Hongzhang was arrogant and arrogant to Yida's royal minister. He was very rebellious and made a relative counter-report.

At this time, Li Hongchang's rapid development in Japan is quite admirable, but after all, he has not yet got rid of the traditional Qing and Japanese mentality of China. He forced Japan to give China an unequal treaty, just like the Western powers. For example, Japan's demand for China to enjoy the most dignified treatment in China, China suddenly refused, saying that the Sino-Japanese agreement cannot be used as an example. The Sino-Japanese should be a level treaty, and there can be no conflict. Because Japan is now in a state of crisis, it is not enough to threaten China with a ten-point force.

In the end, the agreement was reached based on the Chinese draft agreement. 1871, September 13th, Li Hongzhang and Yida Zongcheng officially signed the "China-Japan Reconstruction Regulations" and "China-Japan Trade Agreement".

This is the first treaty and trade agreement between China and Japan. The main content is that the two countries have mutual history. They each set a code to allow merchants to trade. The merchants of this country are not allowed to trade except for open codes. China and Japan have equal right to judge. This is completely different from the situation of Europe, the United States, China and Japan having their own right to judge.

In short, Japan's hope of a face-to-face "most-succeeded" treatment, trade rights in China and the United States, as well as the requirements for special powers in China and the United States, were not realized. But Japan achieved another important goal, which is to obtain a status equal to that of China, and to obtain favorable conditions for the Qing Dynasty, Shu and North Korea to suppress the U.S. For this, Li Hongzhang has been alerted.

这些双方基本平等的条约有一条,格外反映了清政府,特别是李鸿章对朝鲜问题的担心。 中日修好条规第一条就规定,两国所属帮土,亦各以礼相待,不可稍有侵略。 条约中的所谓所属帮土,即指清朝藩属国,实指朝鲜。

Li Hongzhang believed that if the treaty was made, Japan would not invade North Korea, and it would be even more unlikely to invade China. But the facts proved that Li Hongzhang was too optimistic, too dependent on Japan, and too dependent on the treaty. In fact, Japan turned black when the treaty was not yet signed, and asked for a revision of the treaty. They also started a series of activities to invade China and the country.

中日修好条规签订不久,日本政府就在 1872 年 3 月派柳原乾光出使中国,要求修改条约。 柳原在 5 月初到达天津,要向李鸿章递交日本外务卿赵会。 对此,李鸿章大出意外,也大为不满,开始拒不相见,即而决定面加薄事。

Because of Li's tough attitude, he insisted that the two countries must carry out the final exchange of the history of the treaty, and Liu Yuan could only return without success. Because of the tough attitude of the Chinese side, Japan sent the Foreign Minister to the Chinese embassy in February 1873 as the special envoy to China to exchange the treaty. Of course, Japan was not willing to do this. The other mission of the embassy in Laihua was to see the reality of China.

因为在 1871 年底发生了琉球船民 遭遇飓风飘到中国台湾 而被当地居民截杀 54 人的事件 日本借此开始悄悄地做征讨台湾的准备

琉球也就是现在的冲绳, 历史上一直是中国的番薯。 就在赴岛来华换约期间, 又发生了四名日本人因飓风漂流到台湾, 后转经上海被送回日本的事件。 所以赴岛此行尤其关注台湾问题, 想进一步探明如果日本侵略台湾, 中国政府的底线。 1873 年 4 月 30 日, 中日修好条规换约仪式在天津举行。

Li Hongzhang and his fellow officials represented the two countries in exchanging the approval of the treaty. The next day, he visited Li Hongzhang in the town. He pointed out that Japan and China are the same. He was suffering from the pressure of the Western countries to force the leadership of the West. Every time he saw Western officials doing things, he felt uncomfortable. Now Japan has sent people to the West to negotiate and amend the treaty.

This sentence deceived Li Hongzhang. He said he actively supported the Japanese and Western powers to change the contract, and hoped that once the Japanese and Western countries successfully changed the contract, they would quickly know China, so that China would also follow Japan's unbalanced treaty. Fudo's same-sex deception strategy made Li Hongzhang completely lose his vigilance. The smoke bomb released by the Japanese finally worked.

On May 7, 1873, Fu Daoyi came to Beijing to congratulate the marriage of the Qing Dynasty's comrade emperor and his political family. He actually wanted to contact Prime Minister Yaman to discuss the Taiwan issue. In a meeting with Prime Minister Yaman about the Great Rebellion, the Japanese proposed the "Liuqiu Passengers were killed" incident, claiming to ask questions to the Tufan in the eastern part of Taiwan.

这次要求总理衙门大臣当即反驳,强调琉球是清朝的藩属,表示此事与日本毫不相干。 而日方则争辩说,琉球人即日本人。 接着话锋一转,非常狡猾地问道,听说贵国官吏对琉球传民加以救续,请问对狂暴虐杀琉球传民的台湾生番又曾作何处置呢?

总理衙门大臣根本没意识到这个问题背后的玄机,信口回答说,台湾岛之民向有生熟两种,其以服我朝王化者是熟凡,我朝已设府县进行治理,其未服王化者为生凡,孤治之化外,尚未加以治理。

日本对中国台湾的野心已经昭然若揭。

The Prime Minister announced the situation to Li Hongzhang and immediately provoked Li Hongzhang's alert. He wrote to Tong Liao in a letter: "The Taiwan-Shengfan case is a big surprise. The Japanese are trying to make a big deal out of it. China is not ready to take the risk, but is ready to take the risk."

But at that time, Li Hongzhang still underestimated the Japanese strength. In another letter to his fellow countrymen, his attitude towards the Qing and Japanese were unremarkable. He believed that the reason why Japan was arrogant was because the country had recently been in a difficult situation. It could use rear-door guns, it could open iron and coal mines, it could learn to speak and write, it could borrow national bonds, it could make a living by raising money. If Japan was to challenge the Chinese army, why would China be afraid of this small country?

From this letter, we can see that Li Hongzhang is very proud of Japan's change. He still has a strong interest in China, and he is very anxious about it. But on the other hand, he still has a traditional state mentality, and he sees Japan as a small country. Especially because he thinks that Japan is as powerful as North Korea. Gradually, his lack of Japanese power has a deep impression on the enemy. Time goes by.

历史成为永恒 环球资讯广播 档案揭秘 与您一起揭开历史的面纱 探寻时代的变迁 日本国家虽小 但是野心并不小 1874 年 4 月 日本设立了所谓的台湾事务局 任命陆军中将西湘从道 为台湾事务局都督

and set up a base for the invasion of Taiwan for a long time. Then, more than 3,000 Japanese troops began to invade Taiwan, landing in the south of Taiwan. The Japanese invasion of Taiwan shocked the Qing government with a large number of messages, and they hurriedly proposed a strong protest against Japan. At the same time, the Fujian Governor-General Shen Bozhen led a ship of weapons to visit the Taiwan Shenzhen area in the name of "the Sun Moon", and gave him the military and diplomatic power to deal with the Japanese invasion of Taiwan.

日本声称台湾岛并非全归中国左右,东部所谓生藩地乃是无主地,但李鸿章提出,包括所谓生藩驻地在内的台湾全境均属中国领土,主张通过寓意情理和事以兵威这两手策略逼迫日本撤军。

At the same time, he mobilized 6,500 soldiers and soldiers to go to Taiwan to fight for the country. He also sent gunfire and artillery from Tianjin and Shanghai to support the country. Because of the good deployment of Shen Baozhen and the brave resistance of the local residents of Taiwan, Japan's military and national strength were indeed limited. Japan felt that it could not take Taiwan with its military force. So it began to negotiate with China.

In July 1874, Japanese envoy of the Japanese Empire, Ryu Yuanshi, went to Tianjin and started talking with Li Hongzhang. When he saw Ryu Yuanshi, he was furious. He blamed Japan for sending troops to invade Japan and for the people to come to the country. Ryu Yuanshi kept emphasizing that the Chinese government did not commit the murder. The Chinese government did not take over the land in Taiwan. Li Hongzhang refuted and said that the murder was too late and it was too late to investigate.

且生番所杀是琉球人,不是日本人,何须日本多事。 李鸿章正言利色说道, 今日如此办法,中国文武百官不服,即妇孺亦不服。 中国十八省人多,拼命打起来,你日本地小人寡,吃得住否? 大丈夫做事,总要光明正大, 虽兵行诡道,而两国用兵,题目总要先说明白。

《Shenning Hai's Journey to the Night》

日本由于当时不可能以武力侵占台湾,于是下定了从中国取得赔偿,然后将以攻占的地方,归还中国的方针,并在 1874 年 8 月初任命大九堡为全权办理大臣,出使清廷。

The Japanese strategy of asking Tsing to pay the military fee in exchange for Taiwan was actually in line with the intention of Li Hongzhang to end it. It's just that Li Hongzhang thought that paying the military fee was too much to lose to Tsing's face. He proposed to Tsing that he would not pay the money but that he would pay for the people who died in the war and that the Japanese soldiers were far from suffering. He was grateful to be called to replace the Japanese retreat.

Li Hongzhang's suggestion was approved by Prime Minister Yamen and the government. So the two sides reached an agreement at the end of October 1874. The first one said that Japan's deployment to Taiwan was a "secret plan". So China paid 100,000 taels of silver to Fuxu first. The Japanese army in Taiwan withdrew all of them on December 20, 1874. At that time, China paid 400,000 taels of silver to repair roads, buildings and other projects in Japan.

Although the Japanese invasion of Taiwan failed, Tsing-Ting acknowledged it as a "secret move" and made an humiliating compromise to end the war. This again shows the weak and weak of the corrupt Qing government. A few months later, Li Hongzhang said in a report to the court that Japan's "stubbornness" is not small, so it dares to claim to be "eastern" and despise China, and to violate Taiwan's order.

西方列强虽强,尚在七万里以外,日本则近在咫尺,自我虚实,成为中国永久大患。 好了,以上就是今天的全部内容。 我是石宁海,欢迎您在总台多个新媒体平台收听环球资讯广播的节目或参与互动。 下载央视新闻客户端,云听客户端,随时收听节目。 关注总台环球资讯微博,了解更多国际热点。

本期节目原作者雷怡 编辑海宽 制作小蕾 陈思年 监制蔡耀远 感谢大家收听