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17 lina khan除三害

2024/11/8
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本期播客讨论美国反垄断法,特别是针对谷歌的Play Store案和搜索引擎案。通过分析这两个案例,探讨了反垄断法的基本结构、市场定义、消费者福利标准等问题,并对政府干预的必要性和局限性进行了深入探讨。 讨论中涉及到Sherman法案的核心逻辑,即合谋和垄断两种行为模式。合谋行为只要存在即可定罪,无需证明意图或损害;垄断行为则需要证明市场支配地位以及反竞争行为。此外,还讨论了纵向合同(如搭售、独占交易)的处理,以及"Per Se"规则和"Rule of Reason"规则的区别。 在谷歌Play Store案中,讨论了市场定义问题,以及Google与Apple在处理方式上的差异。有人认为Google的市场定义不一致,而Apple的市场定义则过于宽松。此外,还讨论了搭售行为的合法性,以及消费者理性假设的有效性。 在谷歌搜索引擎案中,讨论了Google滥用市场支配地位的问题,以及政府提出的拆分方案。有人认为拆分方案过于激进,可能会损害消费者利益。此外,还讨论了市场效率与消费者福利的关系,以及政府干预的必要性和局限性。 总的来说,本期播客对美国反垄断法进行了多角度的探讨,并对政府干预的必要性和局限性提出了质疑。讨论中既有对现有法律框架的批评,也有对未来发展方向的展望。

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Twice we found the Google cases mildly irritating… 在民主党离开白宫前夕,我们聊了这一届administration留下的关键遗产:一大堆乱七八糟的反垄断。这次讨论绵延四天,补录三次,横跨大选,到最后我们都筋疲力尽,我感到要想把反垄断陈述清楚真的是不可能。一只与资本主义鳄鱼牙齿调情的小鸟;一部末法之法。而我们对于有形无形手的这些精妙意见也实际改变不了任何事到最后只是entertain了我们自己。

(03:51) 大水漫灌Sherman Act

(08:04) Google Play Store案 (Epic v. Google). P.s. But Apple did it too (and worse).

  • We trashed market definition, tying, consumer information costs and paternalism. We took a short halftime and grabbed some soda (25:44). Then we trashed the consumer welfare standard and the antithesis of the consumer welfare standard.

(39:13) Google search engine案 (US v. Google). P.s. This time Apple really did it too.

  • We trashed the breakup proposal, exclusive dealing, pricing as signal and the outer boundaries of antitrust law.

(52:50) Last thoughts & 彩蛋。We trashed each other. Cliffhanger: did we fall out over this?

Some references:

Aspen Skiing Co. v. Aspen Highlands Skiing Co. (1985) (12:00)

Louis Kaplow, Why (Ever) Define Markets?, 2010 (14:34)

Eastman Kodak v. Image Technical Servs. (1992); Scalia’s dissent (17:33)

US v. Microsoft (D.C. Cir. 2001) (27:08) (41:30) (53:30)

Robert H. Bork, Legislative History and the Policy of the Sherman Act, 1966 (32:18)

Barak Orbach, The Antitrust Consumer Welfare Paradox, 2011 (32:44)

Oliver Williamson, Economies As An Antitrust Defense: The Welfare Tradeoffs, 1968 (32:53)

Lina Khan, Amazon's Antitrust Paradox, 2017 (33:43)

[懒得读以上四篇可以直接读Hovenkamp, Is Antitrust's Consumer Welfare Principle Imperiled?, 2019]

Tim Wu, Tyranny of Convenience, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/16/opinion/sunday/tyranny-convenience.html) (38:05)

Easterbrook, The Limits of Antitrust, 1985 (43:30)

这一期观点是真的真的不代表我们老板也真的真的真的不是法律意见。

BGM credit to Suno AI